ِAl-Ghadeer in The Holy Quran

* {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس إن الله لا يهدي القوم الكافرين} المائدة: 67

O Messenger, proclaim what has been revealed to you from your Lord. If you do not do so, you will not have conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people. Indeed, Allah does not guide the disbelieving people} (Al-Mai’da: 67)

عن أبي جعفر × قال: أمر الله عز وجل رسوله بولاية علي × وأنزل عليه {إنما وليكم‏ الله‏ ورسوله‏ والذين‏ آمنوا الذين‏ يقيمون‏ الصلاة ويؤتون‏ الزكاة} وفرض ولاية أولي الأمر, فلم يدروا ما هي, فأمر الله محمدا | أن يفسر لهم الولاية كما فسر لهم الصلاة والزكاة والصوم والحج, فلما أتاه ذلك من الله ضاق بذلك صدر رسول الله | وتخوف أن يرتدوا عن دينهم وأن يكذبوه, فضاق صدره وراجع ربه عز وجل, فأوحى الله عز وجل إليه {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك‏ من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس}‏ فصدع بأمر الله تعالى ذكره, فقام بولاية علي × يوم غدير خم,‏ فنادى الصلاة جامعة, وأمر الناس أن يبلغ الشاهد الغائب. [1]

Imam Mohammad Al-Baqir (Pbuh) said: “Allah commanded His messenger to proclaim the Wilaya (Divine Custody) of Ali (Pbuh) and inspired to him {Indeed your Waliy (Custodian) is Allah, His Messenger and those who believed who establish prayer and give Zakat}. He imposed the custody of the custodians but people didn’t acknowledge what it is. Then Allah commanded Mohammad (Pbuhp) to explain what is the Wilaya as he explained Prayer, Zakat, Fast, and Haj. When he received that command, he was burdened. He feared that people would renounce faith and belie him. As he was burdened from that, he asked His lord about it. Allah then inspired to him: “{You Messenger, proclaim what has been sent to you and if you don’t then you haven’t delivered His Message and Allah will protect you from people}. Thus he established the commands of Allah and declared the custody of Ali (Pbuh) on Ghadeer Khom Day. He called upon people for Group Prayer and commanded the present to tell the absent.” [2]

عن أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر × قال: فرض الله عز وجل على العباد خمسا، أخذوا أربعا وتركوا واحدا، قلت: أتسميهن لي جعلت فداك؟ فقال: الصلاة وكان الناس لا يدرون كيف يصلون، فنزل جبرئيل × فقال: يا محمد أخبرهم بمواقيت صلاتهم، ثم نزلت الزكاة فقال: يا محمد أخبرهم من زكاتهم ما أخبرتهم من صلاتهم، ثم نزل الصوم فكان رسول الله | إذا كان يوم عاشورا بعث إلى ما حوله من القرى فصاموا ذلك اليوم فنزل شهر رمضان بين شعبان وشوال، ثم نزل الحج فنزل جبرئيل × فقال: أخبرهم من حجهم ما أخبرتهم من صلاتهم وزكاتهم وصومهم. ثم نزلت الولاية وإنما أتاه ذلك في يوم الجمعة بعرفة، أنزل الله عز وجل {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي} وكان كمال الدين بولاية علي ابن أبي طالب × فقال عند ذلك رسول الله |: أمتي حديثوا عهد بالجاهلية ومتى أخبرتهم بهذا في ابن عمي يقول قائل، ويقول قائل - فقلت في نفسي من غير أن ينطق به لساني - فأتتني عزيمة من الله عز وجل بتلة أوعدني إن لم أبلغ أن يعذبني، فنزلت {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما انزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس إن الله لا يهدي القوم الكافرين} فأخذ رسول الله | بيد علي × فقال: أيها الناس إنه لم يكن نبي من الأنبياء ممن كان قبلي إلا وقد عمره الله، ثم دعاه فأجابه، فأوشك أن ادعى فأجيب وأنا مسؤول وأنتم مسؤولون فماذا أنتم قائلون؟ فقالوا: نشهد أنك قد بلغت ونصحت، وأديت ما عليك فجزاك الله أفضل جزاء المرسلين، فقال: اللهم اشهد - ثلاث مرات - ثم قال: يا معشر المسلمين هذا وليكم من بعدي فليبلغ الشاهد منكم الغائب. قال أبو جعفر ×: كان والله علي × أمين الله على خلقه وغيبه ودينه الذي ارتضاه لنفسه. [3]

About Abu Ja'far al-Baqir (pbuh), he said, "Allah, the Almighty, has enjoined upon His servants five obligations, of which they have fulfilled four and left one. I asked, 'Can you specify them for me, may I be sacrificed for you?' He replied, 'The prayer'—he counted the obligations until he said—'then the concept of Wilayah (Divine leadership-guardianship) was revealed on Friday at Arafa Mount.'Allah, the Almighty, revealed the verse, {This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you.} The perfection of religion was achieved through the Wilayah of Ali son of Abi Talib (pbuh). At that moment, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) thought to himself without speaking loud, ‘These people are still from the ignorance era, and so when I inform them about this matter in my cousin Ali, one group will say something, and another group will say something.' Then a mandate from Allah, the Almighty, came to me, promising punishment if I did not convey it. So Allah revealed the verse, {O Messenger, announce that which has been revealed to you from your Lord, and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. Allah will protect you from people. Indeed Allah guides not those who reject faith}. ' The Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp) took the hand of Ali (pbuh) and said, "O people, there was no prophet among the prophets who came before me except that he had lived his life, and then Allah called him, and he responded, and I am soon to be called, and I will respond. I am accountable, and you are accountable. What do you say?" They said, "We bear witness that you have conveyed the message, advised, and fulfilled what was upon you. May Allah reward you with the best of rewards given to messengers." He said, "O Allah, bear witness."  This statement was repeated three times. Then he said, 'O people of the Muslims! This Ali is your Waliy (leader-guardian) after me. Let the witness convey this message to the absent ones among you.' Abu Ja'far (pbuh) said, 'By Allah, Ali was entrusted by Allah to fulfill His commandments, whether apparent or concealed, and to safeguard His religion, which He has chosen for Himself.'" [4]

عن أبي عبد الله × في حديث طويل: فلما رجع رسول الله | من حجة الوداع نزل عليه جبرئيل × فقال‏ {يا أيها الرسول‏ بلغ‏ ما أنزل‏ إليك‏ من‏ ربك‏ وإن‏ لم‏ تفعل‏ فما بلغت‏ رسالته‏ والله‏ يعصمك‏ من‏ الناس‏ إن‏ الله‏ لا يهدي‏ القوم‏ الكافرين}‏ فنادى الناس فاجتمعوا, وأمر بسمرات فقم شوكهن, ثم قال |: يا أيها الناس من وليكم وأولى بكم من أنفسكم؟ فقالوا: الله ورسوله, فقال: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه, اللهم وال من والاه, وعاد من عاداه, ثلاث مرات, فوقعت حسكة النفاق في قلوب القوم, وقالوا: ما أنزل الله جل ذكره هذا على محمد | قط, وما يريد إلا أن يرفع بضبع ابن عمه‏. [5]

Narrated by Abu Abdullah Imam Ja’far Al-Sadiq (pbuh), in a lengthy narration, he said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his progeny) returned from the Farewell Pilgrimage, Jibril (pbuh) descended upon him and said, {O Messenger, convey what has been revealed to you from your Lord, and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people. Indeed, Allah does not guide the disbelieving people.} The Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) then called the people and they gathered. He ordered for the preparation of pulpit steps made of palm tree trunks. Then he said, "O people, who is your guardian and leader, more deserving of you than yourselves?" They replied, "Allah and His Messenger." He said, "Whoever I am his guardian, Ali is his guardian. O Allah, be loyal to those loyal to him, and be the enemy of those who oppose him," repeating this three times. The hypocrisy of some people stirred in their hearts, and they said, "Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, has never revealed this to Muhammad (Pbuhp). He only intends to raise the status of his cousin." [6]

عن الفضيل بن يسار, عن أبي جعفر ×‏ في قول الله تعالى‏ {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته}‏ قال: هي الولاية. [7]

Al-Fudhayl ibn Yasar reported from Abu Ja'far (pbuh) regarding the words of Allah Almighty, {O Messenger, proclaim what has been revealed to you from your Lord, and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message}, he said: "It is the [proclamation of] Wilaya (leadership-guardianship Ali)." [8]

عن أبي جعفر محمد بن علي ×, في حديث طويل بين رسول الله | وأمير المؤمنين ×, قال رسول الله |: ولقد أنزل الله فيك‏ {يا أيها الرسول‏ بلغ‏ ما أنزل‏ إليك‏ من‏ ربك}‏ يعني من ولايتك يا علي‏ {وإن‏ لم‏ تفعل‏ فما بلغت‏ رسالته‏} فلو لم أبلغ ما أمرت به لحبط عملي. [9]

Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali (pbuh), in a long hadith between the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his progeny) and the Commander of the Faithful (pbuh), the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Allah has revealed about you {O Messenger, proclaim what has been revealed to you from your Lord} meaning your Wilaya (leadership-guardianship), O Ali, {and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message}. If I had not conveyed what I was commanded, my deeds would have been in vain." [10]

عن محمد الحلبي قال: قال لي أبو عبد الله × إنه من عرف دينه من كتاب الله عز وجل زالت الجبال قبل أن يزول, ومن دخل في أمر يجهل خرج منه بجهل, قلت: وما هو في كتاب الله؟ قال: قول الله عز وجل‏ {ما آتاكم الرسول فخذوه وما نهاكم عنه فانتهوا} وقوله عز وجل‏ {من يطع الرسول فقد أطاع الله}‏ وقوله عز وجل‏ {يا أيها الذين آمنوا أطيعوا الله وأطيعوا الرسول وأولي الأمر منكم}‏ وقوله تبارك وتعالى‏{إنما وليكم الله ورسوله والذين آمنوا الذين يقيمون الصلاة ويؤتون الزكاة وهم راكعون‏} وقوله جل جلاله‏ {فلا وربك لا يؤمنون حتى يحكموك فيما شجر بينهم ثم لا يجدوا في أنفسهم حرجا مما قضيت ويسلموا تسليما} وقوله عز وجل‏{ يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس‏} ومن ذلك قول رسول الله | لعلي ×: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه, اللهم وال من والاه, وعاد من عاداه, وانصر من نصره, واخذل من خذله, وأحب من أحبه, وأبغض من أبغضه. [11]

Muhammad al-Halabi said: Abu Abdullah (Imam Sadiq peace be upon him) told me, "Whoever knows his religion from the Book of Allah Almighty, mountains will perish before he perishes, and whoever enters into an affair ignorantly will leave it ignorantly." I asked, "And what is in the Book of Allah?" He said, "The saying of Allah Almighty: {Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you, abstain from it} and His saying: {Whoever obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allah} and His saying: {O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you} and His saying: {Your ally is none but Allah and His Messenger and those who have believed - those who establish prayer and give zakah, and they bow in worship} and His saying: {But no, by your Lord, they will not [truly] believe until they make you, [O Muhammad], judge concerning that over which they dispute among themselves and then find within themselves no discomfort from what you have judged and submit in [full, willing] submission} and His saying: {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord; and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people}." And among them is the saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his progeny) to Ali (pbuh): "Whoever I am his master, Ali is his master. O Allah, be loyal to those loyal to him, be an enemy to those who are hostile to him, support those who support him, forsake those who forsake him, love those who love him, and hate those who hate him." [12]

عن عبد الله بن عباس في حديث طويل عن المعراج: فتقدم رسول الله | ما شاء الله أن يتقدم حتى سمع ما قال الرب تبارك وتعالى: أنا المحمود وأنت محمد شققت اسمك من اسمي, فمن وصلك وصلته ومن قطعك بتكته, انزل إلى عبادي فأخبرهم بكرامتي إياك, وأني لم أبعث نبيا إلا جعلت له وزيرا, وأنك رسولي وأن عليا وزيرك. فهبط رسول الله | فكره أن يحدث الناس بشي‏ء كراهية أن يتهموه, لأنهم كانوا حديثي عهد بالجاهلية, حتى مضى لذلك ستة أيام, فأنزل الله تبارك وتعالى {فلعلك تارك بعض ما يوحى إليك وضائق به صدرك}‏ فاحتمل رسول الله | ذلك حتى كان يوم الثامن, فأنزل الله تبارك وتعالى عليه {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس}‏ فقال رسول الله |: تهديد بعد وعيد, لأمضين أمر الله عز وجل, فأن يتهموني ويكذبوني فهو أهون علي من أن يعاقبني العقوبة الموجعة في الدنيا والآخرة, قال: وسلم جبرئيل على علي × بإمرة المؤمنين, فقال علي ×: يا رسول الله أسمع الكلام ولا أحس الرؤية, فقال: يا علي هذا جبرئيل أتاني من قبل ربي بتصديق ما وعدني‏. [13]

Abdullah bin Abbas, in a lengthy narration about the Mi'raj (the Ascension), said: The Messenger of Allah (pbuho) advanced as much as Allah willed him to advance until he heard what the Lord, Blessed and Exalted, said: "I am the Praised One (Al-Mahmood), and you are Muhammad. I derived your name from My Name. Whoever connects with you, I will connect with them, and whoever severs from you, I will cut them off. Descend to My servants and inform them of My honoring you, and that I have not sent a prophet except that I have appointed for him a minister. You are My Messenger, and Ali is your minister."

The Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) descended and was reluctant to inform the people of anything, fearing they might accuse him since they were recently converted from ignorance (Jahiliyyah). This continued for six days until Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, revealed: {Then perhaps you would leave out some of what is revealed to you, and your chest is constrained by it}. The Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) bore that until the eighth day, when Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, revealed to him: {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord; and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people}.

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) then said: "A threat after a warning. I will certainly carry out the command of Allah, even if they accuse me and belie me, it is easier for me than to face a painful punishment in this world and the Hereafter." Gabriel greeted Ali (pbuh) with the title of Commander of the Faithful. Ali (pbuh) said: "O Messenger of Allah, I hear the speech but I do not perceive the vision." The Prophet (pbuhp) replied: "O Ali, this is Gabriel who has come to me from my Lord with the confirmation of what He promised me." [14]

عن أبي جعفر محمد بن علي الباقر, عن أبيه, عن جده عليهم السلام في حديث طويل أن رسول الله | قال لأمير المؤمنين ×: ولقد أمرني ربي تبارك وتعالى أن أفترض من حقك ما أفترضه من حقي, وإن حقك لمفروض على من آمن, ولولاك لم يعرف حزب الله, وبك يعرف عدو الله, ومن لم يلقه بولايتك لم يلقه بشي‏ء, ولقد أنزل الله عز وجل إلي {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك‏} يعني في ولايتك يا علي‏ {وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته‏} ولو لم أبلغ ما أمرت به من ولايتك لحبط عملي, ومن لقي الله عز وجل بغير ولايتك‏ {فقد حبط عمله}‏ وعد ينجز لي, وما أقول إلا قول ربي تبارك وتعالى, وإن الذي أقول لمن الله عز وجل أنزله فيك.[15]

Narrated by Abu Ja'far Muhammad son of Ali Al-Baqir, from his father, from his grandfather, peace be upon them, in a long narration, that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his progeny) said to Amir al-Mu'minin : "Indeed, my Lord, blessed and exalted, has commanded me to impose upon your right what I impose upon my right. And indeed, your right is obligatory upon those who believe. If it were not for you, the party of Allah would not be known, and through you, the enemy of Allah is known. Whoever meets Allah with loyalty to you, has not met Allah with anything. Indeed, Allah, the Almighty, has revealed: {O Messenger, convey what has been revealed to you from your Lord,} meaning, in reference to your Wilaya (Divine Guardianship-Leadership), O Ali, {And if you do not do so, then you have not conveyed His message.} And if I had not conveyed what I have been commanded regarding your Wilaya, then my work would have been in vain. And whoever meets Allah, the Almighty, without loyalty to you, his work will be in vain. The promise will be fulfilled for me, and I speak nothing but the words of my Lord, blessed and exalted. And what I say is nothing but what Allah, the Almighty, has revealed concerning you." [16]

عن زرارة بن أعين الشيباني قال: سمعت الصادق جعفر بن محمد × قال‏: لما خرج رسول الله | إلى مكة في حجة الوداع فلما انصرف منها - وفي خبر آخر: وقد شيعه من مكة اثنا عشر ألف رجل من اليمن وخمسة ألف رجل من المدينة - جاءه جبرئيل × في الطريق فقال له: يا رسول الله إن الله تعالى يقرؤك السلام، وقرأ هذه الآية {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما انزل إليك من ربك} فقال له رسول الله |: يا جبرئيل إن الناس حديثو عهد بالاسلام فأخشى أن يضطربوا ولا يطيعوا، فعرج جبرئيل × إلى مكانه ونزل عليه في يوم الثاني، وكان رسول الله | نازلا بغدير، فقال له: يا محمد {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما انزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته} فقال له: يا جبرئيل أخشى من أصحابي أن يخالفوني، فعرج جبرئيل × ونزل عليه في اليوم الثالث وكان رسول الله | بموضع يقال له غدير خم وقال له: {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما انزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس} فلما سمع رسول الله | هذه المقالة قال للناس: أنيخوا ناقتي فوالله ما أبرح من هذا المكان حتى أبلغ رسالة ربي، وأمر أن ينصب له منبر من أقتاب الإبل، وصعدها وأخرج معه عليا × وقام قائما وخطب خطبة بليغة وعظ فيها وزجر، ثم قال في آخر كلامه: يا أيها الناس ألست أولى بكم منكم؟ فقالوا: بلى يا رسول الله ثم قال: قم يا علي، فقام علي × فأخذ بيده فرفعها حتى رئي بياض إبطيهما، ثم قال: ألا من كنت مولاه فهذا علي مولاه، اللهم وال من والاه, وعاد من عاداه، وانصر من نصره, واخذل من خذله، ثم نزل من المنبر، وجاء أصحابه إلى أمير المؤمنين × وهنؤوه بالولاية، وأول من قال له عمر بن الخطاب، فقال له: يا علي أصبحت مولاي ومولى كل مؤمن ومؤمنة، ونزل جبرئيل × بهذه الآية {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الاسلام دينا}. [17]

Zurara bin A'yun al-Shaybani said: I heard Ja'far bin Muhammad al-Sadiq (pbuh) say: When the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) set out for Mecca during the Farewell Pilgrimage and then returned from it Gabriel (pbuh) came to him on the way and said: "O Messenger of Allah, Allah sends you peace and recites this verse: {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord}." The Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) said to him: "O Gabriel, the people are newly converted to Islam, and I fear that they will become disturbed and not obey."

Gabriel (pbuh) ascended to his place and then descended upon him on the second day while the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) was at Ghadir Khumm. Gabriel said: "O Muhammad, {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord; and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message}." The Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) said: "O Gabriel, I fear that my companions will oppose me."

Gabriel (pbuh) ascended again and then descended upon him on the third day while the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) was at a place called Ghadir Khumm. Gabriel said: "{O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord; and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people}."

When the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) heard this, he said to the people: "Make my camel kneel, for by Allah, I will not leave this place until I have conveyed the message of my Lord." He then ordered a pulpit to be made from the saddles of camels, ascended it, brought Ali (pbuh) up with him, and stood up to deliver a significant sermon, admonishing and exhorting them. Then he said at the end of his speech: "O people, am I not more entitled to you than yourselves?" They said: "Yes, O Messenger of Allah."

Then he said: "Stand up, O Ali." Ali (pbuh) stood up, and the Prophet (pbuhp) took his hand and raised it until the whiteness of their armpits was visible. He then said: "Whomever I am his master (Mawla), this Ali is his master (Mawla). O Allah, be loyal to those loyal to him, and be the enemy of those who oppose him. Support those who support him, and forsake those who forsake him."

Then he descended from the pulpit, and his companions came to congratulate Ali (pbuh) on his leadership. The first to say to him was Umar bin al-Khattab, who said: "O Ali, you have become my master and the master of every believer, male and female."

Gabriel (pbuh) then descended with this verse: {Today I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion}. [18]

عن الشعبي, عن الحسن بن علي × في حديث طويل: لما نزلت هذه الآية: {قل لا أسألكم عليه أجرا إلا المودة في القربى} فقال بعض القوم: ما أنزل الله هذا انما يريد أن يرفع بضبع ابن عمه، قالوها حسدا وبغضا لأهل بيت النبي |: فأنزل الله تعالى: {أم يقولون أفترى على الله كذبا فان يشاء الله يختم على قلبك}، ولا تعتد هذه المقال ولا يشق عليك ما قالوا قبل من فان الله يمحو الباطل ويحق الحق بكلماته انه عليم بذات الصدور. فشق ذلك على رسول الله | وحزن على ما قالوا وعلم أن القوم غير تاركين الحسد والبغضاء، فنزلت هذه الآية {قد نعلم أنه ليحزنك الذي يقولون فإنهم لا يكذبونك ولكن الظالمين بآيات الله يجحدون} فلما نزلت هذه الآية {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك}. قال يوم غدير خم: من كنت مولاه فان عليا مولاه اللهم وال من والاه وعاد من عاداه، فوقع في قلوبهم ما وقع تكلموا فيما بينهم سرا حتى قال أحدهما لصاحبه: من يلي بعد النبي | ومن يلي بعدك هذا الأمر لا نجعلها في أهل البيت أبدا فنزل: {ومن يبدل نعمة الله من بعد ما جاءته فان الله شديد العقاب} ثم نزلت: {يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله حق تقاته ولا تموتن إلا وأنتم مسلمون واعتصموا بحبل الله جميعا ولا تفرقوا} إلى قوله {وأولئك لهم عذاب عظيم}. فلما قبض النبي | مضوا على رأيهم في أهل بيت نبيهم وعلى ما تعاقدوا عليه في حياته ونبذوا آيات الله عز وجل ووصي رسوله وأهل بيته {وراء ظهورهم كأنهم لا يعلمون}.[19]

Al-Sha'bi reported from Al-Hasan ibn Ali (pbuh) in a long narration: When this verse was revealed: {Say, "I do not ask you for any reward except for the love of my near relatives"}, some of the people said: "Allah did not reveal this, he only wants to raise the status of his cousin." They said this out of envy and hatred for the progeny of the Prophet (pbuhp). So Allah Almighty revealed: {Or do they say, "He has fabricated a lie against Allah?" But if Allah willed, He could seal your heart}. Do not regard these statements and do not let what they said trouble you, for Allah erases falsehood and confirms the truth by His words. Indeed, He is Knowing of what is within the chests. This troubled the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) and grieved him because of what they said, knowing that the people would not abandon their envy and hatred. Then this verse was revealed: {We know that it grieves you the things they say. Indeed, they do not reject you, but it is the verses of Allah that the wrongdoers reject}

When this verse was revealed: {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord}, he said on the day of Ghadir Khumm: "Whomever I am his master, Ali is his master. O Allah, be loyal to those loyal to him, and be the enemy of those who oppose him." This affected their hearts, and they spoke secretly among themselves until one of them said to his companion: "Who will take over after the Prophet (pbuhp) And who will take over after you? We will never let it be in the hands of the Prophet's progeny." So this verse was revealed: {And whoever exchanges the favor of Allah [for disbelief] after it has come to him - then indeed, Allah is severe in penalty}.

Then this verse was revealed: {O you who have believed, fear Allah as He should be feared and do not die except as Muslims. And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided} until the verse {and for them is a great punishment}.

When the Prophet (pbuhp) passed away, they acted on their opinion regarding the progeny of their Prophet and what they had agreed upon during his lifetime, disregarding the verses of Allah Almighty and the commandment of His Messenger and his household {behind their backs as if they did not know}. [20]

عن أبي جعفر × قال:‏ لما نزل جبرئيل × على رسول الله | في حجة الوداع بإعلان أمر علي بن أبي طالب × {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك‏} إلى آخر الآية، قال: فمكث النبي | ثلاثا حتى أتى الجحفة, فلم يأخذ بيده فرقا من الناس، فلما نزل الجحفة يوم الغدير في مكان يقال له: "مهيعة" فنادى: الصلاة جامعة، فاجتمع الناس فقال النبي |: من أولى بكم من أنفسكم؟ قال: فجهروا فقالوا: الله ورسوله، ثم قال لهم الثانية، فقالوا: الله ورسوله، ثم قال لهم الثالثة، فقالوا: الله ورسوله، فأخذ بيد علي × فقال: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه, اللهم وال من والاه, وعاد من عاداه, وانصر من نصره, واخذل من خذله، فإنه مني وأنا منه، وهو مني بمنزلة هارون من موسى, إلا أنه لا نبي بعدي‏. [21]

Narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (Pbuh): When Gabriel (Pbuh) descended upon the Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp) during the Farewell Pilgrimage to convey the order regarding Ali son of Abi Talib (Pbut) in the verse, {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord} until the end of the verse, the Prophet Muhammad (Pbuhp) stayed there for a while until he reached Juhfa. He did not take anyone's hand and separate them from the people. When he descended at Juhfa on the Day of Ghadir in a place called "Muhayyaa," he called out, "Prayer is congregational." So, the people gathered, and the Prophet Muhammad (Pbuhp) asked them, "Who has more authority over you than yourselves?" They replied loudly, "Allah and His Messenger." Then he repeated the question a second time, and they replied the same. Then he repeated it a third time, and they replied the same. Then he took Ali's (Pbuh) hand and said, "Whoever's master I am, Ali is his master. O Allah, be loyal to whoever is loyal to him and oppose whoever opposes him. Support whoever supports him and abandon whoever abandons him. Indeed, he is from me, and I am from him. He holds the same position with respect to me as Aaron did with respect to Moses, except that there will be no prophet after me." [22]

عن عمر بن يزيد قال: قال أبو عبد الله × ابتداء منه:‏ العجب يا با حفص لما لقي علي بن أبي طالب ×، أنه كان له عشرة ألف شاهد لم يقدر على أخذ حقه، والرجل يأخذ حقه بشاهدين، إن رسول الله | خرج من المدينة حاجا ومعه خمسة آلاف، ورجع من مكة وقد شيعه خمسة آلاف من أهل مكة، فلما انتهى إلى الجحفة نزل جبرئيل بولاية علي ×، وقد كانت نزلت ولايته بمنى وامتنع رسول الله | من القيام بها لمكان الناس، فقال: {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس} مما كرهت بمنى, فأمر رسول الله | فقمت السمرات‏ فقال رجل من الناس: أما والله ليأتينكم بداهية، فقلت لعمر: من الرجل؟ فقال الحبشي‏. [23]

From Umar ibn Yazid, he said: Abu Abdullah (Imam Ja’far Al-Sadiq Pbuh) said, "O Bahafz, it is astonishing what Ali son of Abi Talib (Pbut) had met, for he had ten thousand witnesses who were unable to secure his rights, while a man can secure his rights with only two witnesses. Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp) left Medina for Hajj, and he had five thousand people with him, and when he returned from Mecca, five thousand people from the people of Mecca has also followed him. When he reached Al-Juhfa, Gabriel descended with the Wilayah (leadership) of Ali (Pbuh), and his Wilayah had been revealed at Mina, but the Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp) refrained from publicly declaring it among the people. So Allah revealed: {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord, and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message.' Allah will protect you from the people.} as in what you were uncomfortable with  in Mina. Thus the Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp) conveyed the command. "[24]

عن أبي الجارود, عن أبي جعفر × قال‏: لما أنزل الله على نبيه {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس إن الله لا يهدي القوم الكافرين} قال: فأخذ رسول الله | بيد علي × فقال: يا أيها الناس إنه لم يكن نبي من الأنبياء ممن كان قبلي إلا وقد عمر, ثم دعاه الله فأجابه وأوشك أن أدعى فأجيب، وأنا مسئول وأنتم مسئولون, فما أنتم قائلون قالوا: نشهد أنك قد بلغت ونصحت وأديت ما عليك فجزاك الله أفضل ما جزى المرسلين، فقال: اللهم اشهد, ثم قال: يا معشر المسلمين ليبلغ الشاهد الغائب, أوصي من آمن بي وصدقني بولاية علي × ألا إن ولاية علي × ولايتي, وولايتي ولاية ربي, ولا يدري عهدا عهده إلي ربي وأمرني أن أبلغكموه, ثم قال: هل سمعتم, ثلاث مرات يقولها فقال قائل: قد سمعنا يا رسول الله. [25]

Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad Al-Baqir (Pbuh) narrated: When Allah revealed to His Prophet (Pbuhp) the verse, {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord, and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. Allah will protect you from the people. Indeed, Allah does not guide the disbelieving people,} the Messenger of Allah (Pbuh) took the hand of Ali (Pbuh) and said, "O people, there was no prophet among the prophets who came before me except that he had lived his life, and then Allah called him, and he responded, and I am soon to be called, and I will respond. I am accountable, and you are accountable. What do you say?" They said, "We bear witness that you have conveyed the message, advised, and fulfilled what was upon you. May Allah reward you with the best of rewards given to messengers." He said, "O Allah, bear witness." Then he said, "O assembly of Muslims, let the witness convey the message to the absent. I command those who believe in me to admit to the Wilaya  (Divine Leadership-Guardianship) of Ali (Pbuh) that the Wilaya of Ali (Pbuh) is my Wilaya, and my Wilaya is the Wilaya of my Lord. He entrusted to me a covenant and commanded me to convey it to you." Then he said, "Have you all heard?" He repeated this statement three times, and someone said, "Indeed, we have heard, O Messenger of Allah." [26]

عن عبد الله بن عطاء قال: كنت جالسا مع أبي جعفر × فرأيت ابنا لعبد الله بن سلام جالسا في ناحية, فقلت لأبي جعفر ×: زعموا أن أبا هذا الذي عنده علم الكتاب, قال: لا ذلك علي بن أبي طالب أمير المؤمنين ×, قال: أوحى إلى رسول الله | قل للناس: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه, فما بلغ بذلك وخاف الناس, فأوحى إليه‏ {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس}‏ فأخذ بيد علي بن أبي طالب‏ × يوم غدير خم وقال: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه. [27]

Abdullah bin Ata' said: I was sitting with Abu Ja'far (pbuh) when I saw a son of Abdullah bin Salam sitting in a corner. I said to Abu Ja'far (pbuh): "They claim that the father of this man has knowledge of the Book." He replied: "No, that is Ali ibn Abi Talib (Pbuh), the Commander of the Faithful. It was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp) to tell the people: 'Whomever I am his master, Ali is his master.' However, he hesitated and feared the people, so this verse was revealed to him: {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord; and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people}. Then he took the hand of Ali ibn Abi Talib (pbuh) on the day of Ghadir Khumm and said: 'Whomever I am his master, Ali is his master.'" [28]

عن حذيفة بن اليمان قال: كنت والله جالسا بين يدي رسول الله | وقد نزل بنا غدير خم وقد غص المجلس بالمهاجرين والأنصار, فقام رسول الله | على قدميه فقال: أيها الناس إن الله أمرني بأمر فقال:‏ {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته}‏ فقلت لصاحبي جبرئيل ×: يا خليلي إن قريشا قالوا لي كذا وكذا, فأتى الخبر من ربي فقال‏ {والله يعصمك من الناس}‏ ثم نادى علي بن أبي طالب × فأقامه عن يمينه, ثم قال: أيها الناس ألستم تعلمون أني أولى منكم بأنفسكم؟ قالوا: اللهم بلى, قال: من كنت مولاه فهذا علي مولاه,‏ فقال رجل من عرض المسجد: يا رسول الله ما تأويل هذا؟ قال: من كنت نبيه فهذا علي‏ أميره, اللهم وال من والاه, وعاد من عاداه, وانصر من نصره, واخذل من خذله, فقال حذيفة: فو الله لقد رأيت معاوية حتى قام يتمطى وخرج مغضبا واضعا يمينه على عبد الله بن قيس الأشعري ويساره على المغيرة بن شعبة, ثم قام يمشي متمطيا وهو يقول: لا نصدق محمدا في مقالته, ولا نقر لعلي × بولايته, فأنزل الله تعالى‏ على أثر كلامه‏ {فلا صدق ولا صلى ولكن كذب وتولى ثم ذهب إلى أهله يتمطى أولى لك فأولى ثم أولى لك فأولى‏} فهم به رسول الله | أن يرده فيقتله, فقال جبرئيل ×‏ {لا تحرك به لسانك لتعجل به}‏ فسكت النبي | عنه‏. [29]

Hudhayfah bin al-Yaman said: "By Allah, I was sitting before the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) when we arrived at Ghadir Khumm, and the assembly was full of the Muhajirun and Ansar. The Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) stood on his feet and said: 'O people, Allah has commanded me to convey something and said: {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord; and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message} . I said to my companion Gabriel (pbuh): O my friend, Quraysh has said such and such to me. The command came from my Lord saying: {And Allah will protect you from the people}.. Then he called for Ali bin Abi Talib (pbuh) and stood him up on his right, then said: 'O people, do you not know that I have more right over you than you have over yourselves?' They said: 'Yes, O Messenger of Allah.' He said: 'Whomever I am his master, this Ali is his master. O Allah, be loyal to those loyal to him, and be the enemy of whoever opposes him. Support whoever supports him, and abandon whoever abandons him.'

A man from the middle of the crowd then said: 'O Messenger of Allah, what does this mean?' He replied: 'Whoever takes me as his Prophet, then this Ali is his leader.' Hudhayfah said: 'By Allah, I saw Mu'awiyah standing up and leaving angrily, placing his right hand on Abdullah bin Qays al-Ash'ari and his left hand on al-Mughira bin Shu'bah. Then he began to walk while stretching, saying: 'We will not believe Muhammad in his statement, nor will we acknowledge Ali's leadership.' Then Allah revealed concerning his words: {He neither believed nor prayed, but denied and turned away. Then he went to his people swaggering. Closer to you and closer, then closer to you and closer}. The Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) intended to turn back and kill him, but Gabriel (pbuh) said: {Do not move your tongue with it to hasten it}, so the Prophet (pbuhp) refrained from doing so. [30]

عن أبي جعفر محمد بن علي × في حديث طويل: ثم افترض الله عز وجل الولاية، فقال: {إنما وليكم الله ورسوله والذين آمنوا الذين يقيمون الصلاة ويؤتون الزكاة وهم راكعون}. فقال المسلمون: هذا بعضنا أولياء بعض، فجاءه جبرائيل ×، فقال: يا محمد، علم الناس من ولايتهم كما علمتهم من صلاتهم وزكاتهم وصومهم وحجهم وجهادهم. فقال رسول الله |: يا جبرائيل أمتى حديثة عهد بجاهلية، وأخاف عليهم أن يرتدوا فأنزل الله عز وجل: {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك} في علي‏ {وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس}. [31]

Narrated from Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali (pbuh) in a lengthy hadith: "Then Allah the Exalted made the obligation of the Wilaya (guardianship-leadership), saying: {Your only Waliys (guardian-leader) are Allah, His Messenger, and the believers who establish prayer and give zakah while they bow [in worship]}. The Muslims said: 'We are the Waliys of each other.' Then Gabriel (pbuh) came and said: 'O Muhammad, inform the people about their Wilaya as you have informed them about their prayer, their zakah, their fasting, their hajj, and their jihad.' The Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) said: 'O Gabriel, my community is newly out of the age of ignorance, and I fear they may turn back.' So Allah the Exalted revealed: {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord;} regarding Ali {and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message, and Allah will protect you from the people}." [32]

عن أبي عبد الله × قال:‏ لما أمر الله نبيه أن ينصب أمير المؤمنين × للناس في قوله {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك‏} في علي بغدير خم فقال: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه, فجاءت الأبالسة إلى إبليس الأكبر وحثوا التراب على رءوسهم, فقال لهم إبليس: ما لكم؟ فقالوا: إن هذا الرجل قد عقد اليوم عقدة لا يحلها شي‏ء إلى يوم القيامة، فقال لهم إبليس: كلا إن الذين حوله قد وعدوني فيه عدة لن يخلفوني، فأنزل الله على رسوله {ولقد صدق عليهم إبليس ظنه}‏ الآية. [33]

Abu Abdullah Imam Ja’far Al-Sadiq (Pbuh) narrated: When Allah commanded His Prophet (Pbuhp) to appoint Ali (Pbuh) as the leader of the people in the verse {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord. If you do not, then you have not conveyed His message,} during the event of Ghadir Khumm, the Prophet (Pbuhp) said, "Whoever I am his master, then Ali is his master." The whisperers went to the great Iblis and poured dirt on their heads. Iblis asked them, "What is the matter with you?" They replied, "Indeed, this man has made a covenant today that cannot be invalidated until the Day of Judgment." Iblis said to them, "No, those who are around him have given me a promise that they will not abandon me." Then Allah revealed the verse upon His Messenger, {And indeed, Iblis had already confirmed his assumption of them}. [34]

عن أمير المؤمنين × في حديث طويل: أولم يأمر الله عز وجل نبيه | بتبليغ ما عهده إليه في وصيه وإظهار إمامته وولايته بقوله‏ {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس}‏ فبلغ رسول الله | ما قد سمع, وعلم أن الشياطين اجتمعوا إلى إبليس فقالوا له: ألم تكن أخبرتنا أن محمدا | إذا مضى نكثت أمته عهده ونقضت سنته, وأن الكتاب الذي جاء به يشهد بذلك, وهو قوله‏ {وما محمد إلا رسول قد خلت من قبله الرسل أ فإن مات أو قتل انقلبتم على أعقابكم}‏ فكيف‏ يتم هذا وقد نصب لأمته علما وأقام لهم إماما؟ فقال لهم إبليس: لا تجزعوا من هذا فإن أمته ينقضون عهده, ويغدرون بوصيه من بعده, ويظلمون أهل بيته, ويهملون ذلك لغلبة حب الدنيا على قلوبهم, وتمكن الحمية والضغائن في نفوسهم, واستكبارهم وعزهم فأنزل الله تعالى‏ {ولقد صدق عليهم إبليس ظنه فاتبعوه إلا فريقا من المؤمنين‏}. [35]

          Amir al-Mu'minin (pbuh), in a long hadith, said: "Did not Allah Almighty command His Prophet (pbuhp) to convey what was entrusted to him regarding his successor and to reveal his Imamate and Wilaya (leadership-guardianship) with His words {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord; and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message, and Allah will protect you from the people}? So the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) conveyed what he had heard. He knew that the devils gathered with Iblis and said to him: 'Did you not tell us that if Muhammad (pbuhp) passed away, his nation would break his covenant and violate his tradition, and the book he brought confirms this, which is his saying {Muhammad is not but a messenger; messengers have passed on before him. So if he was to die or be killed, would you turn back on your heels}? How can this happen now that he has set up a sign and established an Imam for his nation?' Iblis replied to them: 'Do not worry about this, for his nation will break his covenant, betray his successor after him, oppress his progeny, neglect that due to the dominance of love for the world over their hearts, the establishment of spite and grudges in their souls, their arrogance, and their pride.' Thus, Allah Almighty revealed {And Iblis did indeed prove true his thought about them, and they followed him, except for a party of the believers}." [36]

* بمصادر العامة

* In the Commoners’ References

عن البراء بن عازب قال: أقبلنا مع رسول الله |‏ في حجته التي حج, فنزلنا بغدير خم, فنودي فينا الصلاة جامعة, وكسح لرسول الله | بين شجرتين, فصلى بنا الظهر, وأخذ بيد علي × وقال: ألست‏ {أولى بالمؤمنين من أنفسهم‏} قالوا: بلى يا رسول الله, قال: ألست أولى بكل مؤمن من نفسه؟ قالوا: بلى, قال: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه, اللهم وال من والاه, وعاد من عاداه, قال: فلقيه عمر بن الخطاب فقال: هنيئا لك يا ابن أبي طالب, أصبحت مولاي ومولى كل مؤمن ومؤمنة. [37]

- Al-Bara' ibn 'Azib said: "We accompanied the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his progeny) during his Hajj pilgrimage. We camped at Ghadir Khumm, where the call to Friday prayer was made. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) cleared a space between two trees and led us in the noon prayer. Then, he took the hand of Ali (pbuh) and asked: 'Am I not closer to the believers than their own selves?' They replied: 'Yes, O Messenger of Allah.' He said: 'Whoever I am his master, then Ali is his master. O Allah, be a supporter of whoever supports him and an enemy of whoever opposes him.' Upon hearing this, Umar ibn al-Khattab met him and said: 'Congratulations, O son of Abu Talib! You have become my master and the master of every male and female believer.'"[38]

عن أبي سعيد الخدري قال: نزلت هذه الآية {يا أيها النبي بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك} على رسول الله | يوم غدير خم في علي بن أبي طالب ×. [39]

- Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said: "This verse {O Messenger, proclaim what has been revealed to you from your Lord} was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp) on the day of Ghadir Khumm regarding Ali ibn Abi Talib (Pbuh)." [40]

عن زيد بن أرقم, عن رسول الله | في حديث طويل: لا إله إلا هو، وقد أعلمني أني إذا لم أبلغ ما أنزل إلي من ربي فما بلغت رسالته، وقد تضمن لي العصمة، وهو الله الكافي الكريم، أوحى إلي: بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس} إلى آخر الآية. معاشر الناس وما قصرت فيما بلغت، ولا قعدت عن تبليغ ما نزله، وأنا أبين لكم سبب نزول هذه الآية: إن جبرئيل هبط علي مرارا ثلاثا يأمرني عن السلام رب السلام أن أقوم في هذا المشهد وأعلم كل أبيض وأسود أن علي بن أبي طالب × أخي ووصيي وخليفتي والإمام من بعدي، الذي محله مني محل هارون من موسى إلا أنه لا نبي بعدي، وهو وليكم من بعد الله ورسوله، وقد أنزل الله بذلك آية هي {إنما وليكم الله ورسوله والذين آمنوا الذين يقيمون الصلاة ويؤتون الزكاة وهم راكعون} وعلي ابن أبي طالب × الذي أقام الصلاة وآتى الزكاة وهو راكع، يريد الله تعالى في كل حال, فسألت جبرئيل × أن يستعفي لي السلام من تبليغ ذلك إليك, أيها الناس لعلمي بقلة المتقين وكثرة المنافقين، ولإعدال الآيمين وإدغال الآثمين، وحيلة المستسرين الذي وصفهم الله تعالى في كتابه بأنهم {قولون بألسنتهم ما ليس في قلوبهم وتحسبونه هينا وهو عند الله عظيم}، وكثرة أذاهم لي مرة بعد مرة حتى سموني أذنا، وزعموا أني هو لكثرة ملازمته إياي وإقبالي عليه وقبوله مني، حتى أنزل الله في ذلك لا إله إلا هو {الذين يؤذون النبي ويقولون هو أذن قل أذن خير لكم} إلى آخر الآية. ولو شئت أن أسمي القائلين بأسمائهم لأسميتهم، وأن أومي إليهم بأعيانهم لأومأت، وأن أدل عليهم لدللت، ولكني والله بسرهم قد تكرمت، وكل ذلك لا يرضي الله إلا أن أبلغ ما أنزل الله إلي {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك} الآية. فاعلموا معاشر الناس ذلك وافهموه. واعلموا أن الله قد نصبه لكم وليا وإماما، فرض طاعته على المهاجرين والأنصار، وعلى التابعين لهم بإحسان، وعلى البادي والحاضر، وعلى العجمي والعربي، وعلى الحر والمملوك والصغير والكبير، وعلى الأبيض والأسود، وعلى كل موحد ماض حكمه وجائز قوله ونافذ أمره، ملعون من خالفه، مرحوم من صدقه، قد غفر الله لمن سمع وأطاع له. [41]

- Zayd ibn Arqam narrated that the Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp), in a long hadith, said:

"There is no god but He, and He has informed me that if I do not convey what has been revealed to me from my Lord, then I have not conveyed His message. He has guaranteed my protection, and He is the Sufficient, the Generous. He revealed to me: {In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. O Messenger, proclaim what has been revealed to you from your Lord; if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people.} Until the end of the verse.

O people, I have not fallen short in conveying the message, nor have I neglected to deliver what was revealed. And I will explain to you the reason for the revelation of this verse: Gabriel descended upon me three times, ordering me from the Peaceful, the Source of Peace, to stand in this place and inform every white and black that Ali ibn Abi Talib (pbuh) is my brother, my successor, and the imam after me, whose position to me is like that of Aaron to Moses, except that there is no prophet after me. He is your guardian-leader after Allah and His Messenger. Allah has revealed a verse concerning this matter: {Your guardian-leader is only Allah, His Messenger, and those who have believed, those who establish prayer and give zakah while they bow [in worship}.' And Ali ibn Abi Talib (Pbuh) is the one who established prayer and gave zakah while bowing, seeking Allah in every circumstance.

So I asked Gabriel  to exempt me from conveying this to you, O people, because I know the scarcity of the pious, the multitude of the hypocrites, the scheming of the sinful, the treachery of those who plot, and the deceit of those described by Allah as {They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts, and you consider it insignificant, but it is great in the sight of Allah.} And the abundance of their harm to me, again and again, even calling me 'ear' for my attention and acceptance of him, until Allah revealed in that regard, {Those who abuse the Messenger and say, "He is an ear," say, "An ear of goodness for you."} Until the end of the verse. If I wished, I could name those who say this by their names, point them out with their signs, and indicate them, but I have graciously concealed their secrets. And all of this does not please Allah except that I convey what Allah has revealed to me: {O Messenger, proclaim what has been revealed to you from your Lord.} The verse.

So understand, O people, and comprehend. Know that Allah has appointed him as your guardian-leader and imam. Obedience to him is obligatory upon Muhajireen and Ansar, those who follow them in righteousness, those present and absent, the Arab and the non-Arab, the free and the slave, the young and the old, the white and the black, and upon every monotheist. His ruling is to be carried out, his word is binding, his command is executed. Cursed is whoever opposes him, and blessed is whoever confirms him. Allah has forgiven those who listen and obey him." [42]

قال جعفر بن محمد ×: معناه بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك في فضل علي بن أبي طالب ×, فلما نزلت هذه الآية أخذ النبي | بيد علي × فقال: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه. [43]

- Imam Ja'far son of Muhammad al-Sadoiq (pbuh) said: "The meaning of the verse {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord} is to proclaim the virtues of Ali son of Abi Talib (Peace be upon them) that have been revealed to you from your Lord. When this verse was revealed, the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny ) took the hand of Ali (pbuh) and said: 'Whoever I am his master, then Ali is his master.'"[44]

عن أبي هريرة, عن النبي | قال: لما أسري بي إلى السماء سمعت نداء من تحت العرش أن عليا راية × الهدى وحبيب من يؤمن بي‏ بلغ يا محمد، قال: فلما نزل النبي | أسر ذلك، فأنزل الله عز وجل: {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك‏} في علي بن أبي طالب × {وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس‏}. [45]

- Abu Huraira reported that the Prophet (Pbuhp) said: "When I was taken up to the heavens, I heard a call from beneath the Throne saying that Ali is the banner of guidance and the beloved of those who believe in Me. Convey, O Muhammad." He said: "When the Prophet descended, he kept it to himself. Then Allah, the Exalted, revealed: {O Messenger, convey what has been revealed to you from your Lord,} concerning Ali ibn Abi Talib {and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people}."[46]

* {اليوم يئس الذين كفروا من دينكم فلا تخشوهم واخشون اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الإسلام دينا} المائدة: 3

* {This day those who disbelieved have given up all hope of your religion; This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion}.

عن زرارة, عن أبي جعفر × قال: آخر فريضة أنزلها الله الولاية {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الإسلام دينا} فلم ينزل من الفرائض شي‏ء بعدها حتى قبض الله رسوله |. [47]

According to Zarrara, from Abu Ja'far al-Baqir (pbuh), he said: The last obligation that Allah revealed was the concept of "Wilayah" (authority and guardianship). Allah says, {This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion}. No obligation was revealed after it until Allah took His Messenger (pbuhp) in death. [48]

عن جعفر بن محمد الخزاعي, عن أبيه قال: سمعت أبا عبد الله × يقول: لما نزل رسول الله | عرفات يوم الجمعة, أتاه جبرئيل × فقال له: يا محمد إن الله يقرئك السلام, ويقول لك قل لأمتك {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم} بولاية علي بن أبي طالب × {وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الإسلام دينا} ولست أنزل عليكم بعد هذا، قد أنزلت عليكم الصلاة والزكاة والصوم والحج وهي الخامسة, ولست أقبل هذه الأربعة إلا بها. [49]

Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Khuza'i, from his father, said: I heard Abu 'Abdullah (pbuh) say: "When the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) stopped at Arafat on a Friday, Gabriel (pbuh) came to him and said: 'O Muhammad, Allah sends you greetings of peace and says to you, tell your nation {Today I have perfected for you your religion} with the Wilaya (guardianship) of Ali ibn Abi Talib (pbuh) {and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion}. I will not reveal anything to you after this; I have revealed to you the prayer, zakat, fasting, and Hajj, and this (Wilaya) is the fifth, and I will not accept these four except with it." [50]

عن زرارة, والفضيل بن يسار, وبكير بن أعين ومحمد بن مسلم وبريد بن معاوية قالوا جميعا: قال أبو جعفر ×: وكانت الفريضة تنزل بعد الفريضة الأخرى، وكانت الولاية آخر الفرائض, فأنزل الله عز وجل: {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي} قال أبو جعفر ×: يقول الله عز وجل: لا انزل عليكم بعد هذه فريضة، قد أكملت لكم الفرايض. [51]

Abu Ja'far al-Baqir (pbuh), said: The obligations were revealed one after another, and "Wilayah" was the last of the obligations. Then Allah, the Almighty, revealed: {This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you.} Abu Ja'far (pbuh) said: Allah, the Almighty, is saying that no obligation will be revealed after this, as He has completed the obligations for you. [52]

عن القاسم بن مسلم, عن أخيه عبد العزيز بن مسلم قال: كنا في أيام علي بن موسى الرضا ‘ بمرو, فاجتمعنا في مسجد جامعها في يوم الجمعة في بدء مقدمنا, فإذا رأى الناس أمر الإمامة وذكروا كثره اختلاف الناس فيها, فدخلت على سيدي ومولاي الرضا × فأعلمته ما خاض الناس فيه, فتبسم × ثم قال: يا عبد العزيز جهل القوم وخدعوا عن أديانهم, ان الله تبارك وتعالى لم يقبض نبيه | حتى أكمل له الدين, وانزل عليه القرآن فيه تفصيل كل شئ, بين فيه الحلال والحرام والحدود والاحكام وجميع ما يحتاج إليه كملا, فقال عز وجل: {ما فرطنا في الكتاب من شئ} وانزل في حجه الوداع وفي آخر عمره | {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الاسلام دينا} وأمر الإمامة في تمام الدين, ولم يمض | حتى بين لامته معالم دينهم, وأوضح لهم سبيلهم, وتركهم على قصد الحق, وأقام لهم عليا × علما واماما, وما ترك شيئا يحتاج إليه الأمة إلا بينه, فمن زعم أن الله عز وجل لم يكمل دينه فقد رد كتاب الله عز وجل, ومن رد كتاب الله فهو كافر, هل يعرفون قدر الإمامة ومحلها من الأمة فيجوز فيها اختيارهم؟

Imam Ali Al-Rida (pbuh) said: Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, did not take away His Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) in death until He completed the religion for him. He revealed the Quran to him, containing detailed explanations of everything, clarifying what is lawful and what is prohibited, the boundaries and the rulings, and everything they needed in its entirety. Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, said: {We have not neglected anything in the Book.} He also revealed during the Farewell Pilgrimage and at the end of his life (pbuh): {This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion.} He decreed that the Imamate is the completion of the religion and did not pass away until he clarified the signs of their religion to his nation, showed them their path, and left them on the guidance of truth. He established Ali (pbuh) as their leader and Imam, and he did not leave anything that the Ummah needed except that he clarified it. Therefore, whoever claims that Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, did not complete His religion has rejected the Book of Allah. And whoever rejects the Book of Allah is a disbeliever. Do they not recognize the value and position of the Imamate in the Ummah? So how is it permissible for them to choose their leaders in it? [53]

عن جابر بن يزيد, عن أبي جعفر ×, عن أمير المؤمنين × في حديث طويل: نحن موالي رسول الله |, فخرج رسول الله | إلى حجة الوادع, ثم صار إلى غدير خم, فأمر فأصلح له شبه المنبر ثم علاه وأخذ بعضدي حتى رئي بياض إبطيه رافعا صوته قائلا في محفله: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه, اللهم وآل من والاه وعاد من عاداه. فكانت على ولايتي ولاية الله, وعلى عداوتي عداوة الله, وأنزل الله عز وجل في ذلك اليوم {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الاسلام دينا} فكانت ولايتي كمال الدين ورضا الرب جل ذكره. [54]

From Amir al-Mu'minin (Pbuh) in a lengthy narration: The Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp) set out for the Farewell Pilgrimage and then proceeded to Ghadir Khumm. He ordered that a makeshift pulpit be prepared for him, and he ascended it, taking hold of my hand and raised it until the whiteness of his armpits could be seen. He raised his voice and said in front of the gathering: "Of whomsoever I am the Mawla (master), Ali is also his Mawla. O Allah, be a supporter of those who support him and an enemy of those who oppose him." On that day, the Wilaya (Divine Authority-Guardianship) was established, and that my Wilaya is the Wilaya of Allah and enmity against me is enmity against Allah. Allah the Exalted, revealed on that day: {This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.} Thus, my Wilaya is the perfection of the religion and the satisfaction of the Lord, the Glorious. [55]

عن أبي عبد الله, عن أبيه, عن آبائه صلوات الله عليهم أجمعين: إن آخر ما أنزل الله عز وجل من الفرائض ولاية علي ×, فخاف رسول الله | إن بلغها الناس أن يكذبوه ويرتد أكثرهم حسدا له لما علمه في صدور كثير منهم له، فلما حج حجة الوداع‏ وخطب بالناس بعرفة، وقد اجتمعوا من كل افق لشهود الحج معه، علمهم في خطبته معالم دينهم وأوصاهم وقال في خطبته: أني خشيت ألا أراكم ولا تروني بعد يومي هذا في مقامي هذا, وقد خلفت فيكم ما إن تمسكتم به بعدي لن تضلوا، كتاب الله وعترتي أهل بيتى, فانهما لن يفترقا حتى يردا علي الحوض، حبل ممدود من السماء إليكم، طرفه بيد الله وطرفه بأيديكم، وأجمل | ذكر الولاية في أهل بيته إذ علم أن ليس فيهم أحد ينازع فيها عليا ×, وأن الناس إن سلموها لهم سلمو بما هم لعلي ×، واتقى عليه وعليهم أن يقيمه هو بنفسه، فلما قضى حجه، وانصرف وصار الى غدير خم، أنزل الله عز وجل عليه: {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس} فقام بولاية علي × ونص عليه كما أمر الله تعالى فأنزل الله عز وجل: {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الإسلام دينا}. [56]

عن أمير المؤمنين × في احتجاج طوبل على المهاجرين والأنصار: فأمر الله عز وجل أن يعلمهم ولاة أمرهم وأن يفسر لهم من الولاية ما فسر لهم من صلاتهم وزكاتهم وصومهم وحجهم. فنصبني للناس بغدير خم، ثم خطب وقال: أيها الناس، إن الله أرسلني برسالة ضاق بها صدري وظننت أن الناس تكذبني فأوعدني لأبلغها أو ليعذبني. ثم أمر فنودي بالصلاة جامعة، ثم خطب فقال: أيها الناس، أتعلمون أن الله عز وجل مولاي وأنا مولى المؤمنين وأنا أولى بهم من أنفسهم؟ قالوا: بلى، يا رسول الله. قال: قم، يا علي. فقمت، فقال: من كنت مولاه فعلي هذا مولاه، اللهم وال من والاه وعاد من عاداه. فقام سلمان فقال: يا رسول الله، ولاء كما ذا؟ فقال: ولاء كولايتي، من كنت أولى به من نفسه فعلي أولى به من نفسه. فأنزل الله تعالى ذكره: {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الإسلام دينا}. فكبر النبي | وقال: الله أكبر، تمام نبوتي وتمام دين الله ولاية علي بعدي. فقام أبو بكر وعمر فقالا: يا رسول الله، هذه الآيات خاصة في علي؟ قال: بلى، فيه وفي أوصيائي إلى يوم القيامة. قالا: يا رسول الله، بينهم لنا. قال: علي أخي ووزيري ووارثي ووصيي وخليفتي في أمتي وولي كل مؤمن بعدي، ثم ابني الحسن، ثم ابني الحسين، ثم تسعة من ولد ابني الحسين واحد بعد واحد، القرآن معهم وهم مع القرآن، لا يفارقونه ولا يفارقهم حتى يردوا علي حوضي. [57]

Imam Ali (pbuh) said during his sermon addressing the Muhajireen and Ansar:

"Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, commanded him (The Messenger of Allah Pbuhp) to inform them (the people) about their leaders-guardians and to explain to them the same way he explained their prayers, Zakat, fasting, and pilgrimage. Thus he appointed me as the leader of the people in Ghadeer Khum and said, 'O people, Allah has sent me with a message that weighed heavily on my heart, and I thought that people would reject me. So, Allah commanded me to deliver it, promising either to fulfill it or to punish me.' Then, a call was made for the congregational prayer, and he (Pbuhp) delivered another sermon. He (Pbuhp) said, 'O people, do you know that Allah is my Master (Mawla) and I am the master of the believers (Mawla) and I have more authority over them than themselves?' They replied, 'Yes, O Messenger of Allah.' Then, he called upon me and said, 'Stand up, O Ali.' I stood up, and he (Pbuhp) declared, 'Whoever takes me as his master, Ali is his master. O Allah, be loyal to those loyal to him and an enemy to his enemies.' Then, Salman stood up and asked, 'O Messenger of Allah, what is the level of this allegiance (wilayah) mean?' The Prophet (pbuh) replied, 'This allegiance is as same as the allegiance to my leadership. Whoever recognizes my authority over him, Ali has more authority over him than himself.' Then, Allah revealed the verse: {This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion.} The Prophet (pbuh) raised his voice and said, 'Allahu Akbar! My Prophethood is complete, and the religion of Allah is complete with the leadership (wilayah) of Ali after me.' Then, Abu Bakr and Umar stood up and asked, 'O Messenger of Allah, are these verses specifically about Ali?' The Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) answered, 'Yes, they are about him and about my successors until the Day of Judgment.' They said, 'O Messenger of Allah, tell us who they are?' The Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) replied, 'Ali is my brother, my minister, my successor, my vicegerent among my nation, and the guardian of every believer after me. Then, it is my son, Al-Hasan, and then my son, Al-Husayn, followed by nine descendants from the offspring of Al-Husayn, one after another. Quran is with them and they are with the Quran. They will never separate from it, and it will never separate from them until they meet me at the Pond (Hawd).'" [58]

عن المفضل بن عمر الجعفي، قال: سألت مولاي جعفر بن محمد الصادق × عن قول الله عز وجل: {قل فلله الحجة البالغة فلو شاء لهداكم أجمعين‏} فقال جعفر بن محمد ×: الحجة البالغة: التي تبلغ الجاهل من أهل الكتاب فيعلمها بجهله‏ كما يعلمها العالم بعلمه، لأن الله تعالى أكرم وأعدل من أن يعذب أحدا إلا بحجة. ثم تلا جعفر بن محمد ×: {وما كان الله ليضل قوما بعد إذ هداهم حتى يبين لهم ما يتقون}. ثم أنشأ جعفر بن محمد × محدثا يقول: ما مضى رسول الله | إلا بعد إكمال الدين وإتمام النعمة ورضا الرب، وأنزل الله على نبيه | بكراع الغميم‏: {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس} لأن رسول الله | خاف الارتداد من المنافقين الذين كانوا يسرون عداوة علي ×، ويعلنون موالاته خوفا من القتل، فلما صار النبي | بغدير خم بعد انصرافه من حجة الوداع، انتصب للمهاجرين والأنصار قائما يخاطبهم، فقال بعد ما حمد الله وأثنى عليه: معاشر المهاجرين والأنصار، أ لست أولى بكم من أنفسكم؟ فقالوا: اللهم نعم. فقال رسول الله |: اللهم اشهد. ثلاثا. ثم قال: يا علي. فقال: لبيك يا رسول الله. فقال له: قم، فإن الله أمرني أن أبلغ فيك رسالاته، أنزل بها جبرئيل‏ {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته‏}. فقام إليه علي ×، فأخذ رسول الله | بضبعه فشاله، حتى رأى الناس بياض إبطيهما، ثم قال: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه، اللهم وال من والاه وعاد من عاداه، وانصر من نصره، واخذل من خذله- فأول قائم قام من المهاجرين والأنصار عمر بن الخطاب، فقال: بخ بخ لك يا علي، أصبحت مولاي ومولى كل مؤمن ومؤمنة. فنزل جبرئيل × بقول الله عز وجل: {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الإسلام دينا} فبعلي أمير المؤمنين × في هذا اليوم أكمل الله لكم معاشر المهاجرين والأنصار دينكم، وأتم عليكم نعمته، ورضي لكم الإسلام دينا، فاسمعوا له وأطيعوا له تفوزوا. واعلموا أن مثل علي فيكم كمثل سفينة نوح، من ركبها نجا، ومن تخلف عنها غرق، ومن تقدمها مرق، ومثل علي فيكم كمثل باب حطة في بني إسرائيل، من دخله كان آمنا ونجا، ومن تخلف عنه هلك وغوى. فما مر على المنافقين يوم كان أشد عليهم منه‏. [59]

Al-Mufaddal ibn 'Umar al-Ju'fi said: I asked my master Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Sadiq (pbuh) about the saying of Allah the Almighty: {Say, 'With Allah is the far-reaching argument. If He had willed, He would have guided you all.'} Ja'far ibn Muhammad (pbuh) replied: "The far-reaching argument is that which reaches the ignorant among the People of the Book, so they know it with their ignorance as the knowledgeable know it with their knowledge, because Allah is more honorable and just than to punish anyone without an argument. Then Ja'far ibn Muhammad (pbuh) recited: {And Allah would not let a people stray after He has guided them until He makes clear to them what they should avoid.} Then Ja'far ibn Muhammad (pbuh) continued, saying: 'The Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) did not pass away until the religion was perfected, the blessing was completed, and the Lord was pleased. Allah revealed to His Prophet (pbuhp) at Kura' al-Ghamim: {O Messenger, proclaim what has been revealed to you from your Lord; and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people.} because the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) feared the apostasy of the hypocrites who secretly harbored enmity towards Ali (pbuh), while openly professing allegiance to him out of fear of being killed.

When the Prophet (pbuhp) reached Ghadir Khumm after returning from the Farewell Pilgrimage, he stood up among the emigrants and advocators, addressing them. After praising Allah and extolling Him, he said: 'O company of emigrants and advocators, am I not more deserving of you than your own selves?' They said: 'Yes, by Allah.' The Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) said: 'O Allah, bear witness.' Three times. Then he said: 'O Ali.' Ali (pbuh) replied: 'At your beck and call, O Messenger of Allah.' The Prophet (pbuhp) said: 'Stand up, for Allah has commanded me to convey His message regarding you, which Gabriel has brought down: {O Messenger, proclaim what has been revealed to you from your Lord; and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message.} He then took Ali (pbuh) by the arm and raised it until the people saw the whiteness of their armpits, and he said: 'For whomever I am his master (mawla), this Ali is his master. O Allah, befriend whoever is loyal to him, be hostile to whoever is hostile to him, support whoever supports him, and abandon whoever abandons him.'

The first to rise from the emigrants and advocators was Umar ibn al-Khattab, who said: 'Congratulations, congratulations to you, O Ali, you have become my master and the master of every believing man and woman.' Then Gabriel (pbuh) descended with the words of Allah the Almighty: {Today I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion.} So, through Ali, the Commander of the Faithful (pbuh), on this day Allah has completed your religion, O company of emigrants and advocators, and has completed His favor upon you, and is pleased with Islam as your religion. So listen to him and obey him so that you may succeed. And know that the example of Ali among you is like the Ark of Noah; whoever boards it is saved, and whoever stays behind is drowned, and whoever precedes it strays. And the example of Ali among you is like the Gate of Repentance (Bab Hitta) among the Children of Israel; whoever enters it is secure and saved, and whoever stays behind it is lost and misguided. There has never been a day harder on the hypocrites than this day.'" [60]

عن يقطين الجواليقي, عن جعفر, عن أبيه ‘ في قوله {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي} قال: نزلت في علي بن أبي طالب × خاصة دون الناس. [61]

Imam Ja’far Al-Sadiq (Pbuh) said that his father (Pbuh) said: {This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you}: "It was revealed specifically about Ali son of Abi Talib (peace be upon them) and not about anyone else." [62]

في حديث المفاخرة بين الإمام الحسين × وأمير المؤمنين ×, قال أمير المؤمنين ×: انا نعمة الله تعالى التي أنعم الله بها على خلقه. انا الذي قال الله تبارك وتعالى في، وفى حقي: {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الاسلام دينا} فمن أجنى كان مسلما مؤمنا كامل الدين. [63]

Amir al-Mu'minin (pbuh) said: "I am the blessing of Allah that He bestowed upon His creation. I am the one about whom Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, said and in whose right He stated: {This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion}. Whoever accepts my guardianship is a Muslim, a believer, and has a complete religion. [64]

عن الإمامين أبي جعفر وأبي عبد الله ‘: أنه إنما أنزل بعد أن نصب النبي | عليا × للأنام، يوم غدير خم منصرفه عن حجة الوداع، قالا: وهو آخر فريضة أنزلها الله تعالى، ثم لم ينزل بعدها فريضة. [65]

Imams Abu Ja'far and Abu 'Abdullah (peace be upon them) said: The verse {This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion} was revealed after the Prophet (Pbuhp) appointed Ali (pbuhp) for the people on the day of Ghadir Khumm, upon his return from the Farewell Pilgrimage. They said (Pbut): It was the last obligatory commandment revealed by Allah, and no obligatory commandment was revealed after it. [66]

عن أمير المؤمنين ×، قال: سمعت رسول الله | يقول: بني الإسلام على خمس خصال: على الشهادتين والقرينتين, قيل له: أما الشهادتان فقد عرفناهما، فما القرينتان؟ قال: الصلاة والزكاة، فإنه لا يقبل أحدهما إلا بالأخرى، والصيام، وحج البيت من استطاع إليه سبيلا، وختم ذلك بالولاية، فأنزل الله عز وجل: {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الإسلام دينا}. [67]

Amir al-Mu'minin (pbuh) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) say, "Islam is built upon five pillars: on the two testimonies and the two companions." He was asked, "We understand the two testimonies, but what are the two companions?" He replied, "Prayer and zakat, for neither is accepted without the other, fasting, and the pilgrimage to the House for those who can find a way. He concluded with wilayah (guardianship). Then Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, revealed: {This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion}." [68]

عن فضيل, عن أبي جعفر × قال: بني الإسلام على خمس: الصلاة والزكاة والصوم والحج والولاية, ولم يناد بشي‏ء ما نودي بالولاية يوم الغدير. [69]

Imam Abu Ja'far (pbuh) said: "Islam is built upon five pillars: prayer, zakat, fasting, hajj, and wilayah (guardianship). Nothing was proclaimed as emphatically as the wilayah was proclaimed on the day of Ghadir." [70]

عن إسحاق بن إسماعيل النيسابوري ان العالم كتب إليه يعنى الحسن بن علي ‘: ان الله تعالى بمنه ورحمته لما فرض عليكم الفرائض لم يفرض ذلك عليكم لحاجة منه إليه بل رحمة منه إليكم لا إله إلا هو ليميز الخبيث من الطيب وليبتلي ما في صدوركم, وليمحص ما في قلوبكم, ولتتسابقوا إلى رحمته، ولتتفاضل منازلكم في جنته, ففوض عليكم الحج والعمرة وإيقام الصلاة وإيتاء الزكاة والصوم والولاية, وجعل لكم بابا لتفتحوا به أبواب الفرايض، ومفتاحا إلى سبيله، ولولا محمد | والأوصياء من ولده كنتم حيارى كالبهائم لا تعرفون فرضا من الفرايض, وهل تدخل قرية إلا من بابها، فلما من الله عليكم بإقامة الأولياء بعد نبيكم | قال الله عز وجل {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الإسلام دينا} وفرض عليكم لأوليائه حقوقا, فأمركم بأدائها إليهم ليحل لكم ما وراء ظهوركم من أزواجكم وأموالكم ومأكلكم ومشربكم, ويعرفكم بذلك البركة والنماء والثروة, وليعلم من يطيعه منكم بالغيب, وقال الله تبارك وتعالى {قل لا أسئلكم عليه اجرا إلا المودة في القربى} فاعلموا ان من يبخل فإنما يبخل على نفسه, ان الله هو الغني وأنتم الفقراء إليه, لا إله إلا هو, فاعملوا من بعد ما شئتم {فسيرى الله عملكم ورسوله والمؤمنون} ثم تردون إلى عالم الغيب والشهادة, فينبئكم بما كنتم تعملون, والعاقبة للمتقين والحمد لله رب العالمين. [71]

Isaac ibn Isma'il al-Nisaburi narrated that a scholar wrote to him, meaning Imam Hasan ibn Ali (Pbut): "Allah, the Most High, in His grace and mercy, when He obligated upon you the duties (Fara'id), did not do so out of any need from you to Him, but out of His mercy towards you. There is no deity except Him. He did so to distinguish between the impure and the pure, to test what is in your hearts, for you to strive towards His mercy, and for your ranks to be elevated in His Paradise, He entrusted upon you the obligation of Hajj, Umrah, establishing prayers, paying Zakat, fasting, and loyalty (Wilaya), and He opened for you a door through which you open the doors of the duties, and a key to His path. And if it were not for Mohammad (Pbuhp) and the successors from his progeny, you would have been lost like animals, not knowing one duty from another. Does anyone enter a city except through its gate? So, when Allah blessed you with the custodians after your Prophet, He the Almighty said: {This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion.} And He imposed rights for the custodians and commanded you to fulfill it towards them, so that you become allowed to enjoy what you have of spouses, your wealth, your food, and your drink. Thus, allowing you to acknowledge the blessings, growth, and wealth and He would know who among you would obey Him in the unseen. Allah, blessed and exalted, said: {Say, [O Mohammad], "I do not ask of you for it any payment except affection for [my] relatives."} So know that whoever is stingy, he is only stingy towards himself. Indeed, Allah is the Free of need, and you are the ones in need of Him. There is no deity except Him. So work as you wish, then Allah will see your deeds, and His Messenger, and the believers. Then you will return to the Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, and He will inform you of what you used to do. And the (good) outcome is for the righteous. And praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds." [72]

عن ابن عباس قال: بينما النبي | وعلي بن أبي طالب ×بمكة أيام الموسم إذا التفت النبي | إلى علي × وقال: هنيئا لك وطوبى لك يا أبا الحسن، إن الله قد أنزل علي آية محكمة غير متشابهة، ذكري وإياك فيها سواء، فقال: {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الاسلام دينا} بيوم عرفة ويوم جمعة، هذا جبرئيل × يخبرني عن الله تعالى أن الله يبعثك وشيعتك يوم القيامة ركبانا غير رجال على نجائب رحائلها من النور، فتناخ عند قبورهم، فيقال لهم: اركبوا يا أولياء الله، فيركبون صفا معتدلا أنت أمامهم إلى الجنة، حتى إذا صاروا إلى الفحص ثارت في وجوههم ريح يقال لها المثيرة، فتذري في وجوههم المسك الأذفر، فينادون بصوت لهم: نحن العلويون فيقال لهم: إن كنتم العلويون فأنتم الآمنون، ولاخوف عليكم اليوم ولا أنتم تحزنون. [73]

Ibn Abbas said: While the Prophet (pbuhp) and Ali ibn Abi Talib (pbuh) were in Mecca during the days of the pilgrimage season, the Prophet (pbuhp) turned to Ali (pbuh) and said: "Congratulations and glad tidings to you, O Abu al-Hasan. Indeed, Allah has revealed to me a decisive verse that is not ambiguous. My mention and yours are equal in it." He then recited: "{Today I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion}". This occurred on the day of Arafat and on a Friday. Gabriel  informed me from Allah the Almighty that Allah will raise you and your Shia on the Day of Resurrection riding, not walking, on mounts with saddles of light. They will alight at their graves, and it will be said to them: "Ride, O friends of Allah." They will ride in a straight line with you leading them to Paradise. When they reach the broad plain, a wind called al-Muthira will blow in their faces, scattering musk fragrance in their faces. They will call out with a voice: "We are the Alawites." It will be said to them: "If you are the Alawites, then you are the safe ones. There is no fear upon you today, nor will you grieve." [74]

عن الصادق جعفر بن محمد، عن أبيه, عن آبائه عليهم السلام قال: قال رسول الله |: يوم غدير خم أفضل أعياد أمتي, وهو اليوم الذي أمرني الله تعالى ذكره فيه بنصب أخي علي بن أبي طالب علما لأمتي يهتدون به من بعدي، وهو اليوم الذي أكمل فيه الدين وأتم على أمتي فيه النعمة ورضي لهم الإسلام دينا, ثم قال |: معاشر الناس علي مني وأنا من علي, خلق من طينتي وهو إمام الخلق بعدي, يبين لهم ما اختلفوا فيه من سنتي، وهو أمير المؤمنين وقائد الغر المحجلين ويعسوب المؤمنين، وخير الوصيين، وزوج سيدة نساء العالمين ÷، وأبو الأئمة المهديين. معاشر الناس من أحب عليا أحببته، ومن أبغض عليا أبغضته، ومن وصل عليا وصلته، ومن قطع عليا قطعته، ومن جفا عليا جفوته، ومن والى عليا واليته، ومن عادى عليا عاديته. معاشر الناس أنا مدينة الحكمة وعلي بابها ولن تؤتي المدينة إلا من قبل الباب، وكذب من زعم أنه يحبني ويبغض عليا. معاشر الناس والذي بعثني بالنبوة واصطفاني على جميع البرية ما نصبت عليا علما لأمتي في الأرض حتى نوه الله باسمه في سماواته وأوجب ولايته على جميع ملائكته. [75]

Al-Sadiq Ja'far ibn Muhammad, from his father, from his ancestors (pbut), said: The Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) said: "The day of Ghadir Khumm is the greatest of my nation’s festivals. It is the day on which Allah, the Almighty, commanded me to appoint my brother, Ali ibn Abi Talib, as a guide for my nation after me. It is the day on which the religion was perfected, the blessings upon my community were completed, and Allah was pleased with Islam as their religion. Then the Prophet (Pbuhp) said: O people, Ali is from me and I am from Ali. He was created from my clay. He is the leader of creation after me. He will clarify for them what they dispute about in my tradition. He is the Commander of the Faithful, the leader of the shining ones, the chief of the believers, the best of successors, the husband of the Lady of the Women of the Worlds (pbuh), and the father of the rightly guided Imams.

O people, whoever loves Ali, I will love him. Whoever hates Ali, I will hate him. Whoever maintains ties with Ali, I will maintain ties with him. Whoever severs ties with Ali, I will sever ties with him. Whoever distances Ali, I will distance him. Whoever supports Ali, I will support him. Whoever opposes Ali, I will oppose him. O people, I am the city of wisdom and Ali is its gate. The city can only be approached through its gate. Whoever claims to love me but hates Ali is a liar. O people, by the One who sent me with prophethood and chose me over all creation, I did not appoint Ali as a guide for my community on earth until Allah had already namded him in His heavens and made his guardianship obligatory upon all His angels." [76]

عن أبي عبد الله × قال‏: قلت: جعلت فداك للمسلمين عيد أفضل من الفطر والأضحى ويوم الجمعة ويوم عرفة؟ قال: فقال لي: نعم أفضلها وأعظمها وأشرفها عند الله منزلة، وهو اليوم الذي أكمل الله فيه الدين، وأنزل على نبيه محمد | {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الاسلام دينا} قال: قلت: وأي يوم هو؟ قال: فقال لي: إن أنبياء بني إسرائيل كانوا إذا أراد أحدهم أن يعقد الوصية والإمامة من بعده ففعل ذلك جعلوا ذلك اليوم عيدا، وإنه اليوم الذي نصب فيه رسول الله | عليا × للناس علما، وانزل فيه ما انزل، وكمل فيه الدين، وتمت فيه النعمة على المؤمنين، قال: قلت: وأي يوم هو في السنة؟ قال: فقال لي: إن الأيام تتقدم وتتأخر، وربما كان يوم السبت والأحد والاثنين إلى آخر أيام السبعة، قال: قلت: فما ينبغي لنا أن نعمل في ذلك اليوم؟ قال: هو يوم عبادة وصلاة وشكر لله وحمد له، وسرور لما من الله به عليكم من ولايتنا، وإني أحب لكم أن تصوموه. [77]

- A man asked Abi Abdullah (pbuh) and said: "I asked: 'May I be your ransom, do Muslims have a holiday better than Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Friday, and the Day of Arafah?' He (pbuh) replied: 'Yes, the best, greatest, and most honorable of them in the sight of Allah is the day on which Allah completed the religion and revealed to His Prophet Muhammad (pbuhp): {This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion.} I asked: 'And what day is that?' He said: 'The prophets of the Children of Israel, when one of them wanted to appoint a successor and leader after him, would make that day a holiday when he did so. It is the day when the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) appointed Ali (pbuh) as a guide for the people, and Allah revealed what He revealed, and completed the religion on that day, and perfected His favor upon the believers.' I asked: 'And what day is that in the year?' He said: 'The days advance and retreat; it may fall on a Saturday, Sunday, Monday, or any of the days of the week.' I asked: 'What should we do on that day?' He said: 'It is a day of worship, prayer, gratitude to Allah, and praise to Him. It is a day of joy for what Allah has bestowed upon you through our Wilaya (Divine leadership-guardianship). I would like you to fast on that day.'" [78]

* بمصادر العامة

* In the Commoners’ References

عن سليم بن قيس, عن أمير المؤمنين × في حديث طويل: وأمر الله نبيه أن يعلمهم ولاة أمرهم وأن يفسر له من الولاية كما فسر لهم من صلاتهم وزكاتهم وحجهم فنصبني للناس بغدير خم فقال: أيها الناس إن الله - جل جلاله - أرسلني برسالة ضاق بها صدري وظننت أن الناس يكذبني فأوعدني ربى. ثم قال: أتعلمون أن الله مولاي وأنا مولى المؤمنين وأنا أولى بهم من أنفسهم؟ قالوا بلى يا رسول الله. فقال آخذا بيدي: من كنت مولاه فعلى مولاه، اللهم وال من والاه، وعاد من عاداه فقام سلمان وقال: يا رسول الله ولاء على ماذا؟ قال: ولاؤه كولائي من كنت أولى به من نفسه فعلى أولى به من نفسه. فنزلت {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الاسلام دينا} فقال |: الله أكبر باكمال الدين وإتمام النعمة، ورضاء ربي برسالتي وولاية علي بعدي. قالوا: يا رسول الله هذه الآيات في علي خاصة قال: بلى فيه وفى أوصيائي إلى يوم القيامة. قالوا: بينهم لنا. قال: على أخي ووارثي ووصيي وولى كل مؤمن بعدي، ثم ابني الحسن، ثم الحسين ثم التسعة من ولد الحسين، القرآن معهم وهم مع القرآن لا يفارقونه ولا يفارقهم حتى يردوا على الحوض. قال بعضهم: قد سمعنا ذلك وشهدنا. وقال بعضهم: قد حفظنا جل ما قلت ولم نحفظ كله، وهؤلاء الذين حفظوا أخيارنا وأفاضلنا. ^[79]

- Sulaim ibn Qays reported that the Commander of the Faithful (Ali) (pbuh) in a long hadith said: "Allah commanded His Prophet to inform them about their leaders and to explain the matter of leadership-guardianship (wilayah) just as He had explained their prayers, alms, and pilgrimage. So, he appointed me to the people at Ghadir Khumm and said, 'O people, Allah—glorious and majestic—sent me with a message that constricted my chest and I thought the people would belie me, so my Lord threatened me.' Then he said, 'Do you know that Allah is my master, and I am the master of the believers and I more deserving of them than their own selves?' They said, 'Yes, O Messenger of Allah.' He said, holding my hand, 'Whoever I am his master, then Ali is his master. O Allah, be loyal to those loyal to him and be the enemy of his enemies.' Salman stood up and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, what does his guardianship entail?' He said, 'His Wilaya is like my Wilaya. Whoever I am more deserving of him than his own self, then Ali more deserving of him than his own self.' Then the verse was revealed: {Today I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.} The Prophet (Pbuhp) then said, 'Allah is Greatest for the perfection of the religion, the completion of the favor, and the pleasure of my Lord with my message and the Wilaya of Ali after me.' They said, 'O Messenger of Allah, are these verses specific to Ali?' He said, 'Yes, they are specific to him and my successors until the Day of Resurrection.' They said, 'Explain them to us.' He said, 'Ali is my brother, my inheritor, my successor, and the guardian of every believer after me. Then my son, Hasan, then Husayn, then the nine descendants of Husayn. The Quran is with them and they are with the Quran. They will not separate from it nor will it separate from them until they return to me at the pond.' Some of them said, 'We have heard this and witnessed it.' Some of them said, 'We have remembered much of what you said but did not remember all of it. Those who remembered are our good and virtuous ones.'" [80]

عن أبي سعيد الخدري: ان النبي | يوم دعا الناس إلى غدير خم، امر بما كان تحت الشجرة من الشوك فقم وذلك يوم الخميس، ثم دعا الناس إلى علي × فأخذ بضبعه فرفعها حتى نظر الناس إلى بياض إبطه، ثم لم يتفرقا حتى نزلت {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الإسلام دينا} فقال رسول الله |: الله أكبر على اكمال الدين، واتمام النعمة، ورضى الرب برسالاتي، والولاية لعلي، ثم قال: اللهم وال من والاه، وعاد من عاداه، وانصر من نصره، واخذل من خذله،^[81]

- Narrated by Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri, he said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his progeny) called the people to pledge loyalty to Ali (pbuh) at Ghadir Khum, he ordered that what was under the tree, including the thorns, be brought forth. This happened on a Thursday. Then the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) called the people to Ali (pbuh) and took his hand  and raised it until the people saw the whiteness of the Messenger of Allah's armpit. They did not disperse until this verse was revealed: {This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you.} The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his progeny) said: "Allah is the Greatest for the completion of the religion, the perfection of the favor, and the satisfaction of the Lord with my message and the Wilaya (Divine Leadership-Guardianship) of Ali after me." Then he said: "Whoever I am his Mawla, Ali is his Mawla. O Allah, be loyal to those loyal to him and be the enemy of his enemies, and support whoever supports him and abandon whoever abandons him." [82]

عن أبي سعيد الخدري قال: لما نصب رسول الله | عليا × يوم غدير خم فنادى له بالولاية, هبط جبرئيل × عليه بهذه الآية {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم}. ^[83]

- Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said: "When the Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp) appointed Ali (pbuh) on the Day of Ghadir Khumm and proclaimed his Wilaya (Divine Leadership-Guardianship), Gabriel (pbuh) descended upon him with this verse: {Today I have perfected your religion for you}." [84]

عن أبي هريرة قال: من صام يوم ثمانية عشر من ذي الحجة كتب الله له صيام ستين شهرا، وهو يوم غدير خم, لما أخذ رسول الله | بيد علي بن أبي طالب × فقال: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه. فقال له عمر بن الخطاب بخ بخ لك يا ابن أبي طالب. ^[85]

- Abu Huraira said: "Whoever fasts on the eighteenth of Dhu al-Hijjah, Allah will record for him the fasting of sixty months. This is the Day of Ghadir Khumm, when the Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp) took the hand of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Pbuh) and said: 'Whomever I am his master, Ali is his master.' Umar ibn al-Khattab said to him: 'Congratulations, congratulations to you, O son of Abu Talib.'" [86]

عن ابن عباس قال: بينما نحن مع رسول الله | في الطواف إذ قال: أفيكم علي بن أبي طالب ×؟ قلنا: نعم يا رسول الله, فقربه النبي | فضرب على منكبه وقال: طوباك يا علي، أنزلت علي في وقتي هذا آية, ذكري وإياك فيها سواء {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الإسلام دينا} قال: {أكملت لكم دينكم} بالنبي {وأتممت عليكم نعمتي} بعلي × {ورضيت لكم الإسلام دينا} بالعرب. عن ابن عباس قال: بينما النبي | بمكة أيام الموسم إذ التفت إلى علي × فقال: هنيئا لك يا أبا الحسن, إن الله قد أنزل علي آية محكمة غير متشابهة، ذكري وإياك فيها سواء {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم} الآية. ^[87]

- Ibn Abbas said: "While we were with the Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp) during the circumambulation(Tawaf), he asked: 'Is Ali ibn Abi Talib (pbuh) among you?' We said: 'Yes, O Messenger of Allah.' He brought him closer and struck his shoulder and said: 'Good news for you, O Ali. At this moment, a verse was revealed to me, in which both my mention and yours are equal: {This day I have perfected for you your religion, and completed My favor upon you, and have approved for you Islam as religion}. He said: {I have perfected your religion for you} with the Prophet, {and completed My favor upon you} with Ali (pbuh), and {have approved for you Islam as religion} with the Arabs.'

Ibn Abbas also said: "While the Prophet (Pbuhp) was in Mecca during the days of the pilgrimage season, he turned to Ali (pbuh) and said: 'Congratulations to you, O Abu al-Hasan. Allah has revealed to me a definitive verse, not ambiguous, in which both my mention and yours are equal: {This day I have perfected for you your religion} (the verse)." [88]

عن عبد الله بن عباس, عن النبي | وساق حديث المعراج إلى أن قال: وإني لم أبعث نبيا إلا جعلت له وزيرا، وإنك رسول الله وإن عليا وزيرك. قال ابن عباس: فهبط رسول الله | فكره أن يحدث الناس بشي‏ء منها إذ كانوا حديثي عهد بالجاهلية, حتى مضى من ذلك ستة أيام، فأنزل الله تعالى {فلعلك تارك بعض ما يوحى إليك} فاحتمل رسول الله | حتى كان يوم الثامن عشر، أنزل الله عليه {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك} ثم إن رسول الله | أمر بلالا حتى يؤذن في الناس أن لا يبقى غدا أحد إلا خرج إلى غدير خم، فخرج رسول الله | والناس من الغد، فقال: يا أيها الناس إن الله أرسلني إليكم برسالة وإني ضقت بها ذرعا مخافة أن تتهموني وتكذبوني حتى عاتبني ربي فيها بوعيد أنزله علي بعد وعيد، ثم أخذ بيد علي بن أبي طالب × فرفعها حتى رأى الناس بياض إبطيهما, ثم قال: أيها الناس الله مولاي وأنا مولاكم, فمن كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه, اللهم وال من والاه وعاد من عاداه وانصر من نصره واخذل من خذله. وأنزل الله {اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم}. ^[89]

- Abdullah ibn Abbas narrated from the Prophet (Pbuhp), continuing the story of the Mi'raj until he said: "And I did not send any prophet without appointing for him a minister. And you are the Messenger of Allah, and Ali is your minister." Ibn Abbas said: "The Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp) descended, reluctant to tell people anything about this as they were newly out of the ignorance era, until six days had passed. Then Allah revealed: {Then perhaps you would leave out some of what is revealed to you}. The Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) held on until the eighteenth day, then Allah revealed to him: {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord}.

Then the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) ordered Bilal to call out to the people that no one should stay behind the next day and everyone should go to Ghadir Khumm. The next day, the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) went out with the people and said: 'O people, Allah sent me to you with a message, and I was distressed by it, fearing that you would accuse me and deny me, until my Lord reproached me with a warning He sent down to me after a warning. Then he took the hand of Ali ibn Abi Talib (pbuh) and raised it until the people saw the whiteness of their armpits, and said: 'O people, Allah is my Master and I am your master. Whomever I am his master, Ali is his master. O Allah, be loyal to those who are loyal to him, and be an enemy to those who are enemies to him, support those who support him, and forsake those who forsake him.' And Allah revealed: {This day I have perfected for you your religion}." [90]

عن البراء بن عازب قال: كنا مع رسول الله | في سفر، فنزلنا بغدير خم ونودي فينا الصلاة الجامعة، وكسح لرسول الله | تحت شجرتين، وصلى الظهر، وأخذ بيد علي × فقال: ألستم تعلمون أني {أولى بالمؤمنين من أنفهسم}؟ قالوا: بلى. قال: ألستم تعلمون أني أولى بكل مؤمن من نفسه؟ قالوا: بلى. فأخذ بيد علي فقال: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه، اللهم وال من والاه وعاد من عاداه. وقال فلقيه عمر بن الخطاب بعد ذلك فقال: هنيئا لك يا بن أبي طالب أصبحت وأمسيت مولى كل مؤمن ومؤمنة. ^[91]

- According to Al-Bara' ibn 'Azib, he said, "We were traveling with the Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp), and we stopped at Ghadir Khumm. The call for the congregational prayer was announced, and the Prophet (Pbuhp) spread his cloak under two trees and prayed the Dhuhr prayer. Then, he took the hand of Ali (Pbuh) and said, 'Do you not know that I have more authority over the believers than they have over themselves?' They replied, 'Yes.' He said, 'Do you not know that I am closer to every believer than they are to themselves?' They replied, 'Yes.' Then, he took the hand of Ali and said, 'Whoever I am his master, then Ali is his master. O Allah, be a guardian to those who support him and an enemy to those who oppose him.' After that, Umar ibn al-Khattab met him and said, 'Congratulations, O son of Abu Talib! You have become the master of every male and female believer.'" [92]

قال زيد بن أرقم نزلنا مع رسول الله | بواد يقال له وادي خم، فأمر بالصلاة فصلانها. قال: فخطبنا وظلل لرسول الله | بثوب على شجرة من الشمس، فقال: أو لستم تعلمون، أو لستم تشهدون أني أولى بكل مؤمن من نفسه؟ قالوا: بلى. قال: فمن كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه، اللهم وال من والاه وعاد من عاداه. ^[93]

- Zaid ibn Arqam said: "We camped with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) in a valley called Wadi Khumm. He commanded us to perform the prayer, and we offered it. Then, he delivered a sermon while he was shaded by a garment hung on a tree. He asked: 'Do you not know that I have more authority over the believers than they have over themselves?' They replied: 'Yes.' He said: 'Whoever I am his master, then Ali is his master. O Allah, be a supporter of whoever supports him and an enemy of whoever opposes him.’” [94]

عن أبي الطفيل قال: جمع الناس علي × في الرحبة ثم قال: أنشد بالله كل امرئ مسلم سمع رسول الله | يقول يوم غدير خم ما سمع لما قام، فقام ثلاثون من الناس فشهدوا حين أخذه بيده فقال: أيها الناس أتعلمون أني {أولى بالمؤمنين من أنفسهم}؟ قالوا: نعم يا رسول الله، قال: من كنت مولاه فهذا علي مولاه، اللهم وال من والاه وعاد من عاداه. ^[95]

- Abu At-Tufayl  said, "The people gathered around Ali (Pbuh) in the open space, and he said, 'I swear by Allah that every Muslim man who heard the Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp) on the day of Ghadir Khumm say what he said and then witnessed the event, should stand up.' Thirty men stood up, and they testified to what they had heard when the Prophet took Ali's hand and said, 'O people, do you not know that I have more authority over the believers than they have over themselves?' They replied, 'Yes, O Messenger of Allah.' He said, 'Whoever I am his master, then Ali is his master. O Allah, be a guardian to those who support him and an enemy to those who oppose him.'" [96]

عن أصبغ بن نباتة في حديث أنه قال لأبي هريرة: يا صاحب رسول الله انى أحلفك بالله الذي لا إله إلا هو، عالم الغيب والشهادة، وبحق حبيبه المصطفى | ألا أخبرتني أشهدت غدير خم؟ قال: بلى شهدته، قلت: فما سمعته يقول في علي ×؟ قال: سمعته يقول: من كنت مولاه فعلى مولاه، اللهم وال من والاه، وعاد من عاداه، وانصر من نصره، وأخذل من خذله. ^[97]

- Asbagh ibn Nubatah narrated in a long hadith that he said to Abu Hurayrah: "O companion of the Messenger of Allah, I swear by Allah, there is no deity except Him, Knower of the unseen and the seen, and by the right of His beloved chosen one (pbuh), will you not tell me if you witnessed Ghadir Khumm?" He said: "Yes, I witnessed it." I asked: "What did you hear him say about Ali (pbuh)?" He said: "I heard him say: 'Whomever I am his master, Ali is his master. O Allah, be loyal to those who are loyal to him, and be an enemy to those who are enemies to him, support those who support him, and forsake those who forsake him.'"[98]

عن أبي سعيد الخدري، أنها نزلت على رسول الله | يوم غدير خم, حين قال لعلي ×: من كنت مولاه، فعلي مولاه. ^[99]

- Abi Sa'id al-Khudri said that it was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) on the Day of Ghadir Khumm, when he said to Ali (pbuh): "Whomever I am his master, Ali is his master." [100]

* {سأل سائل بعذاب واقع (1) للكافرين ليس له دافع (2) من الله ذي المعارج (3) تعرج الملائكة والروح إليه في يوم كان مقداره خمسين ألف سنة (4)} المعارج: 1 – 4

* {A questioner asked for a severe punishment # for the disbelievers, [a punishment] that has no defender, from Allah, the Lord of the ways of ascent. # The angels and the Spirit will ascend to Him during a day, the extent of which is fifty thousand year} Al-Ma’arij 1-4        

عن عبد الله بن عباس, عن أمير المؤمنين × في حديث طويل: أنا الذي نزل على أعدائي {سأل سائل بعذاب واقع للكافرين ليس له دافع‏} بمعنى من أنكر ولايتي, وهو النعمان بن الحارث اليهودي لعنه الله تعالى‏. [101]

Abdullah ibn Abbas narrated from Amir Al-Mu'minin (pbuh) in a lengthy hadith: "I am the one upon whom the following was revealed about my enemies: {A questioner asked about a punishment to befall the disbelievers which none can avert} meaning those who deny my guardianship, specifically Nu'man ibn al-Harith al-Yahudi, may Allah curse him." [102]

عن ابن عباس قال: كنت مع رسول الله | إذ دخل علينا عمرو بن الحارث الفهري قال: يا أحمد, أمرتنا بالصلاة والزكاة, أفمنك كان‏ هذا أم من ربك يا محمد؟ قال: الفريضة من ربي, وأداء الرسالة مني حتى أقول ما أديت إليكم إلا ما أمرني ربي, قال: فأمرتنا بحب علي بن أبي طالب زعمت أنه منك كهارون من موسى, وشيعته على نوق غر محجلة يرفلون في عرصة القيامة, حتى يأتي الكوثر فيشرب ويسقي صح هذه الأمة, ويكون زمرة في عرصة القيامة, أبهذا الحب سبق من السماء أم كان منك يا محمد؟ قال |: بلى سبق من السماء, ثم كان مني, لقد خلقنا الله نورا تحت العرش, فقال عمرو بن الحارث: الآن علمت أنك ساحر كذاب يا محمد, ألستما من ولد آدم, قال: بلى, ولكن خلقنا الله‏ نورا تحت العرش قبل أن يخلق الله آدم باثني عشر ألف سنة, فلما أن خلق الله آدم ألقى النور في صلب آدم فأقبل ينتقل ذلك النور من صلب إلى صلب, حتى تفرقنا في صلب عبد الله بن عبد المطلب وأبي طالب ‘, فخلقنا ربي من ذلك النور, لكن لا نبي بعدي, قال: فوثب عمرو بن الحارث الفهري مع اثني عشر رجلا من الكفار وهم ينفضون أرديتهم فيقولون: اللهم إن كان محمد صادقا في مقالته فارم عمرا وأصحابه بشواظ من نار, قال: فرمي عمرو وأصحابه بصاعقة من السماء, فأنزل الله هذه الآية {سأل سائل بعذاب واقع للكافرين ليس له دافع من الله ذي المعارج}‏ فالسائل عمرو وأصحابه. [103]

Ibn Abbas said: I was with the Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp) when Amr ibn Harith al-Fihri entered and said: "O Ahmad, you commanded us to pray and give zakat. Was this from you or from your Lord, O Muhammad?" The Prophet (Pbuhp) replied: "The obligation is from my Lord, and delivering the message is from me. I only convey to you what my Lord has commanded me." Amr said: "You commanded us to love Ali ibn Abi Talib, claiming that he is to you as Aaron was to Moses, and that his followers will be riding noble white she-camels in the courtyard of the Resurrection, until they come to the Kawthar, drink, and give drink to this nation, and that they will be a group in the courtyard of the Resurrection. Was this love decreed from the heavens or from you, O Muhammad?" The Prophet (Pbuhp) said: "Yes, it was decreed from the heavens, and then it was from me. Indeed, Allah created us as light under the Throne."

Amr ibn Harith said: "Now I know that you are a sorcerer and a liar, O Muhammad. Are you not from the descendants of Adam?" The Prophet (Pbuhp)said: "Yes, but Allah created us as light under the Throne twelve thousand years before He created Adam. When Allah created Adam, He cast that light into Adam's loins, and it continued to be transferred from one loin to another until it separated into the loins of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Abu Talib. My Lord created us from that light, but there will be no prophet after me."

Then Amr ibn Harith al-Fihri, along with twelve other disbelievers, jumped up shaking their cloaks and saying: "O Allah, if Muhammad is truthful in his statement, then strike Amr and his companions with a shower of fire." Consequently, Amr and his companions were struck by a thunderbolt from the sky, and Allah revealed this verse: 'A questioner asked about a punishment to befall the disbelievers which none can avert, from Allah, the Lord of the Ascending Steps'. The questioner was Amr and his companions. [104]

عن حسين بن محمد قال: سألت سفيان بن عيينة عن قول الله عز وجل‏ {سأل سائل}‏ فيمن نزلت؟ فقال: يا ابن أخي, لقد سألتني عن شي‏ء ما سألني عنه أحد قبلك, لقد سألت جعفر بن محمد × عن مثل الذي قلت, فقال: أخبرني أبي, عن جدي, عن أبيه, عن ابن عباس قال: لما كان يوم غدير خم قام رسول الله | خطيبا, فأوجز في خطبته, ثم دعا علي بن أبي طالب ×, فأخذ بضبعيه ثم رفع بيديه حتى رئي بياض إبطيه, وقال للناس: ألم أبلغكم الرسالة؟ ألم أنصح لكم؟ قالوا: اللهم نعم, قال: فمن كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه, اللهم وال من والاه, وعاد من عاداه, قال: ففشت هذه في الناس, فبلغ ذلك الحارث بن نعمان الفهري, فرحل راحلته, ثم استوى عليها, ورسول الله | إذ ذاك بالأبطح, فأناخ ناقته ثم عقلها, ثم أتى النبي | فسلم, ثم قال: يا عبد الله, إنك دعوتنا إلى أن نقول: لا إله‏ إلا الله ففعلنا, ثم دعوتنا إلى أن نقول إنك رسول الله ففعلنا, وفي القلب ما فيه, ثم قلت لنا صلوا فصلينا, ثم قلت لنا صوموا فصمنا, ثم قلت لنا حجوا فحججنا, ثم قلت لنا: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه, اللهم وال من والاه, وعاد من عاداه, فهذا عنك أم عن الله؟ فقال له: بل عن الله, فقالها ثلاثا, فنهض وإنه لمغضب وإنه ليقول: اللهم إن كان ما يقول محمد حقا {فأمطر علينا حجارة من السماء} تكون نقمة في أولنا وآية في آخرنا, وإن كان ما يقول محمد كذبا فأنزل به نقمتك, ثم أثار ناقته واستوى عليها, فرماه الله بحجر على رأسه فسقط ميتا, فأنزل الله تبارك وتعالى‏ {سأل سائل بعذاب واقع للكافرين ليس له دافع من الله ذي المعارج}‏. [105]

Husayn ibn Muhammad said: I asked Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah about the meaning of Allah’s words {A questioner asked about a punishment to befall}. He replied: “O my nephew, you have asked me about something no one has asked me before. I had asked Ja‘far ibn Muhammad (pbuh) the same question, and he said: ‘My father told me, from my grandfather, from his father, from Ibn Abbas, who said: When it was the day of Ghadir Khumm, the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) stood up to deliver a sermon. He made it brief, then called Ali ibn Abi Talib (pbuh). He took him by the arms, raised his hands until the whiteness of his armpits was visible, and said to the people: Have I not conveyed the message to you? Have I not advised you? They said: Yes, O Allah’s Messenger. He said: Whoever I am his mawla, then Ali is his mawla. O Allah, befriend whoever is loyal to him and be the enemy of whoever opposes him.’

This spread among the people, and it reached Harith ibn Nu‘man al-Fihri. He mounted his camel and came to the Prophet (Pbuhp) while he was at Al-Abtah. Harith dismounted, tied up his camel, came to the Prophet (Pbuhp), greeted him, and said: O servant of Allah, you called us to say: There is no god but Allah, and we did so. Then you called us to say that you are the Messenger of Allah, and we did so, though there was some reluctance in our hearts. Then you ordered us to pray, and we prayed. Then you ordered us to fast, and we fasted. Then you ordered us to perform Hajj, and we performed Hajj. Then you said: Whoever I am his mawla, then Ali is his mawla. O Allah, befriend whoever is loyal to him and be the enemy of whoever opposes him. Is this from you or from Allah? The Prophet (Pbuhp) said: By Allah, it is from Allah. Harith said it three times. He then got up angrily and said: O Allah, if what Muhammad says is true, then rain stones upon us from the sky as a punishment upon the first of us and a sign for the last of us. If what Muhammad says is false, then bring down Your punishment upon him. He then mounted his camel and rode away. Allah struck him with a stone on his head, and he fell dead. Then Allah revealed: {A questioner asked about a punishment to befall the disbelievers, which none can avert, from Allah, the Lord of the Ascending Steps} [106]

عن المفضل بن عمر الجعفي، قال: سألت مولاي جعفر بن محمد الصادق × عن قول الله عز وجل: {فلله الحجة البالغة فلو شاء لهداكم أجمعين}. فقال جعفر بن محمد ‘: الحجة البالغة التي تبلغ الجاهل من أهل الكتاب فيعلمها بجهله كما يعلمها العالم بعلمه، لأن الله تعالى أكرم وأعدل من أن يعذب أحدا إلا بحجة. ثم قال جعفر بن محمد ‘: {وما كان الله ليضل قوما بعد إذ هداهم حتى يبين لهم ما يتقون} ثم أنشأ جعفر بن محمد ‘ محدثا، - وذكر حديثا طويلا - وقال ‘ فيه: أقبل النضر بن الحارث فسلم، فرد عليه النبي |، فقال: يا رسول الله، إذا كنت سيد ولد آدم وأخوك سيد العرب، وابنتك فاطمة سيدة نساء العالمين، وابناك الحسن والحسين سيدي شباب أهل الجنة، وعمك حمزة سيد الشهداء، وابن عمك ذا جناحين يطير بهما في الجنة حيث يشاء، وعمك العباس جلدة بين عينيك وصنو أبيك، وبنو شيبة لهم السدانة، فما لسائر قومك من قريش وسائر العرب؟ فقد أعلمتنا في بدء الإسلام أنا إذا آمنا بما تقول كان لنا ما لك، وعلينا ما عليك. فأطرق رسول الله طويلا، ثم رفع رأسه، ثم قال: ما أنا والله فعلت بهم هذا، بل الله فعل بهم، فما ذنبي؟ فولى النضر بن الحارث وهو يقول: اللهم إن كان هذا هو الحق من عندك فأمطر علينا حجارة من السماء أو ائتنا بعذاب أليم. فأنزل الله عليه مقالة النضر بن الحارث، وهو يقول: {اللهم إن كان هذا هو الحق من عندك فأمطر علينا حجارة من السماء أو ائتنا بعذاب أليم}‏ ونزلت هذه: {وما كان الله ليعذبهم وأنت فيهم}‏ إلى قوله تعالى: {وهم يستغفرون}‏. فبعث رسول الله | إلى النضر بن الحارث الفهري، وتلا عليه الآية، فقال: يا رسول الله، إني قد أسررت ذلك جميعه، أنا ومن لم تجعل له ما جعلته لك ولأهل بيتك من الشرف والفضل في الدنيا والآخرة، فقد أظهر الله ما أسررنا، أما أنا فأسألك أن تأذن لي فأخرج من المدينة، فإني لا أطيق المقام. فوعظه النبي | فقال: إن ربك كريم، فإن أنت صبرت وتصابرت لم يخلك من مواهبه، فارض وسلم، فإن الله يمتحن خلقه بضروب من المكاره، ويخفف عمن يشاء، وله الأمر والخلق، مواهبه وعظيمة، وإحسانه واسع. فأبي النضر بن الحارث وسأله الإذن، فأذن له رسول الله |. فأقبل إلى بيته، وشد على راحلته راكبا متعصبا، وهو يقول: اللهم، إن كان هذا هو الحق من عندك فأمطر علينا حجارة من السماء، أو ائتنا بعذاب أليم. فلما مر بظهر المدينة، وإذا بطير في مخلبه حجر فجدله، فأرسله إليه، فوقع على هامته، ثم دخل في دماغه، وخرت في بطنه حتى خرجت من دبره، ووقعت على ظهر راحلته وخرت حتى خرجت من بطنها فاضطربت الراحلة وسقطت وسقط النضر بن الحارث من عليها ميتين، فأنزل الله تعالى: {سأل سائل بعذاب واقع للكافرين}‏ بعلي وفاطمة والحسن والحسين وآل محمد {ليس له دافع من الله ذي المعارج} فبعث رسول الله | عند ذلك إلى المنافقين الذين اجتمعوا ليلا مع النضر بن الحارث، فتلا عليهم الآية، وقال: اخرجوا إلى صاحبكم الفهري، حتى تنظروا إليه، فلما رأوه انتحبوا وبكوا، وقالوا: من أبغض عليا وأظهر بغضه قتله بسيفه، ومن خرج من المدينة بغضا لعلي أنزل الله ما ترى. [107]

Al-Mufaddal ibn 'Umar al-Ju'fi said: I asked my master Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Sadiq (pbuh) about the meaning of Allah's words: {To Allah belongs the conclusive argument. Had He willed, He would have guided you all}. Ja'far ibn Muhammad (pbuh) said: "The conclusive argument is that which reaches the ignorant among the People of the Book, so he knows it with his ignorance just as the knowledgeable knows it with his knowledge, for Allah is too generous and just to punish anyone except with an argument." Then Ja'far ibn Muhammad (pbuh) said: {And Allah would not lead a people astray after He has guided them until He makes clear to them what they should avoid}

Then Ja'far ibn Muhammad (pbuh) began narrating and said: An-Nadr ibn al-Harith came and greeted the Prophet (pbuhp). The Prophet (pbuhp) returned his greeting. An-Nadr said: "O Messenger of Allah, if you are the master of the children of Adam, and your brother is the master of the Arabs, and your daughter Fatimah is the lady of the women of the worlds, and your two sons Hasan and Husayn are the masters of the youth of Paradise, and your uncle Hamzah is the master of martyrs, and your cousin with two wings flies in Paradise wherever he wishes, and your uncle al-Abbas is the sinew between your eyes and the equal of your father, and the Banu Shaybah have the custodianship, then what remains for the rest of your people from Quraysh and the rest of the Arabs? You informed us at the beginning of Islam that if we believed in what you say, we would have what you have and we would be obliged to what you are obliged. The Prophet (Pbuhp) lowered his head for a while, then raised it and said: 'By Allah, I did not do this to them. It is Allah who did this to them. What is my sin?' An-Nadr ibn al-Harith turned away saying: 'O Allah, if this is indeed the truth from You, then rain down upon us stones from the sky or bring us a painful punishment.'

Allah then revealed his statement: {And [recall] when they said, "O Allah, if this should be the truth from You, then rain down upon us stones from the sky or bring us a painful punishment"}. Then Allah revealed: {But Allah would not punish them while you are among them; and Allah would not punish them while they seek forgiveness}.

The Prophet (pbuhp) then sent for an-Nadr ibn al-Harith al-Fihri and recited the verse to him. An-Nadr said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have secretly harbored all these thoughts along with those who have not received the honor and virtue that you and your household have received in this world and the Hereafter. Allah has revealed what we have kept secret. As for me, I ask you to allow me to leave the city because I cannot bear to stay." The Prophet (pbuhp) advised him, saying: "Your Lord is generous. If you are patient and endure, He will not withhold His gifts from you. Be content and submit, for Allah tests His creation with various hardships and lightens the burden for whom He wills. The command, the creation, and His gifts and great beneficence are His."

An-Nadr refused and insisted on leaving, so the Prophet (pbuhp) gave him permission. He went to his house, mounted his camel, and while riding, he said: "O Allah, if this is indeed the truth from You, then rain down upon us stones from the sky or bring us a painful punishment." When he reached the outskirts of the city, a bird appeared holding a stone in its claw and dropped it on him. It struck his head, entered his brain, and exited from his abdomen, causing him to fall dead along with his camel.

Allah then revealed: {A questioner asked about a punishment to befall the disbelievers, which none can avert, from Allah, the Lord of the Ascending Steps}. The Prophet (pbuhp) then sent for the hypocrites who had gathered secretly with an-Nadr ibn al-Harith, recited the verse to them, and said: "Go to your companion al-Fihri and see him." When they saw him, they wept and said: "Whoever harbors hatred for Ali and openly expresses it will be killed by his sword, and whoever leaves the city out of hatred for Ali, Allah will send upon him what you see." [108]

عن أبي عبد الله جعفر بن محمد، عن أبيه ‘ إنه قال في قول الله عز وجل: {سأل سائل بعذاب واقع للكافرين ليس له دافع من الله ذي المعارج} قال: نزلت والله بمكة للكافرين بولاية علي ×.[109]

Abu Abdullah Ja'far ibn Muhammad, from his father (pbut), said about the words of Allah, the Exalted: {A questioner asked about a punishment to befall the disbelievers, which none can avert, from Allah, the Lord of the Ascending Steps}. He said: "By Allah, it was revealed in Mecca about those who disbelieved in the Wilaya (Leadership-guardianship) of Ali (pbuh)." [110]

* بمصادر العامة:

* In the Commoners’ References

سئل سفيان بن عيينة عن قول الله سبحانه: {سأل سائل} فيمن نزلت؟ فقال: لقد سألتني عن مسألة ما سألني أحد قبلك. حدثني أبي, عن جعفر بن محمد, عن آبائه، فقال: لما كان رسول الله | بغدير خم، نادى بالناس فاجتمعوا، فأخذ بيد علي × فقال: {من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه}. فشاع ذلك وطار في البلاد، فبلغ ذلك الحرث بن النعمان القهري فأتى رسول الله | على ناقة له حتى أتى الأبطح، فنزل عن ناقته وأناخها وعقلها، ثم أتى النبي | وهو في ملأ من أصحابه فقال: يا محمد أمرتنا عن الله أن نشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأنك رسول الله فقبلناه منك، وأمرتنا أن نصلي خمسا فقبلناه منك، وأمرتنا بالزكاة فقبلنا، وأمرتنا بالحج فقبلنا، وأمرتنا أن نصوم شهرا فقبلنا، ثم لم ترض بهذا حتى رفعت بضبعي ابن عمك ففضلته علينا وقلت: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه، فهذا شيء منك أم من الله تعالى؟ فقال: والذي لا إله إلا هو هذا من الله, فولى الحرث بن النعمان يريد راحلته وهو يقول: اللهم إن كان ما يقوله حقا {فأمطر علينا حجارة من السماء أو ائتنا بعذاب أليم}، فما وصل إليها حتى رماه الله بحجر فسقط على هامته وخرج من دبره فقتله، وأنزل الله سبحانه: {سأل سائل بعذاب واقع للكافرين ليس له دافع}. [111]

- Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah was asked about the verse of Allah, the Exalted: {A questioner asked} - upon whom was it revealed? He said: "You have asked me about a matter that no one has asked me before. My father told me, on the authority of Ja'far ibn Muhammad, on the authority of his forefathers, who said: When the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was at Ghadir Khumm, he called the people and they gathered. He took Ali's hand and said: {Whomever I am his master, Ali is his master}. This news spread and traveled through the lands, reaching al-Harith ibn al-Nu'man al-Fihri. He came to the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) on his camel until he arrived at al-Abtah. He dismounted from his camel, tied it, and then approached the Prophet (pbuhp) while he was among a group of his companions and said: 'O Muhammad, you ordered us from Allah to bear witness that there is no deity but Allah and that you are the Messenger of Allah, and we accepted that from you. You commanded us to pray five times a day, and we accepted it from you. You commanded us to give zakat, and we accepted it from you. You commanded us to fast during the month of Ramadan, and we accepted it from you. You commanded us to perform Hajj, and we accepted it from you. Then you were not content with this until you raised the arm of your cousin and preferred him over us, saying: Whomever I am his master, Ali is his master. Is this from you or from Allah?' The Prophet (pbuh) replied: 'By the One besides whom there is no deity, it is from Allah.' So al-Harith ibn al-Nu'man turned to his camel saying: 'O Allah, if what Muhammad says is true, then rain down upon us stones from the sky or bring us a painful punishment.' He did not reach his camel until Allah sent a stone upon him which struck his head, exited from his rear, and killed him. Then Allah revealed: {A questioner asked for a punishment bound to happen to the disbelievers, of which there is no preventer}." [112]

عن أبي هريرة قال: أخذ رسول الله | بعضد علي بن أبي طالب × يوم غدير خم, ثم قال: من كنت مولاه فهذا مولاه، فقام إليه أعرابي فقال: دعوتنا أن نشهد أن لا إله إلا الله، وأنك رسول الله فصدقناك, وأمرتنا بالصلاة والصيام فصلينا وصمنا، وبالزكاة فأدينا فلم تقنعك إلا أن تفعل هذا, فهذا عن الله أم عنك؟ قال: عن الله لا عني, قال: الله الذي لا إله إلا هو لهذا عن الله لا عنك؟ قال: نعم, ثلاثا فقام الأعرابي مسرعا إلى بعيره وهو يقول: {اللهم إن كان هذا هو الحق من عندك}‏ الآية، فما استتم الكلمات حتى نزلت نار من السماء فأحرقته, وأنزل الله في عقب ذلك‏ {سأل سائل}‏ إلى قوله {دافع}‏. [113]

- Abu Huraira narrated: The Messenger of Allah (Pbuhp) took Ali ibn Abi Talib by the hand on the day of Ghadir Khumm and said, "Whomever I am his master, Ali is his master." An Arabian approached him and said, "You called us to testify that there is no deity but Allah and that you are the Messenger of Allah, and we believed you. You commanded us to pray and fast, and we prayed and fasted. You commanded us to give zakat, and we gave it. But you were not satisfied until you did this. Is this from Allah or from you?" The Prophet replied, "It is from Allah, not from me." The Arabian repeated, "Is this from Allah for sure?" The Prophet affirmed, "Yes, three times." Then the Arabian hastily went to his camel, saying, "O Allah, if this is indeed the truth from You, then rain down upon us stones from the sky or bring us a painful punishment " until he was consumed by fire from the sky. Then Allah revealed the verse: {A questioner asked for a punishment bound to happen to the disbelievers, of which there is no preventer}. [114]

* {ولقد صدق عليهم إبليس ظنه‏} سبأ: 20

* {And Iblis cinfirmed his suspicions about them}

عن سلمان, عن أمير المؤمنين × في حديث طويل: أخبرني رسول الله | أن إبليس ورؤساء أصحابه شهدوا نصب رسول الله | إياي يوم‏ غدير خم بأمر الله, وأخبرهم‏ بأني أولى بهم من أنفسهم وأمرهم أن يبلغ الشاهد الغائب, فأقبل إلى إبليس أبالسته ومردة أصحابه فقالوا: إن هذه الأمة أمة مرحومة معصومة فما لك ولا لنا عليهم سبيل, وقد أعلموا مفزعهم وإمامهم بعد نبيهم, فانطلق إبليس كئيبا حزينا, قال أمير المؤمنين ×: أخبرني رسول الله | بعد ذلك‏ وقال: يبايع الناس أبا بكر في ظلة بني ساعدة بعد تخاصمهم بحقنا وحجتنا, ثم يأتون المسجد فيكون أول من يبايعه على منبري إبليس في صورة شيخ كبير مشمر, يقول كذا وكذ,ا ثم يخرج فيجمع أصحابه‏ وشياطينه وأبالسته فيخرون‏ سجدا فيقولون: يا سيدنا يا كبيرنا, أنت الذي أخرجت آدم من الجنة, فيقول: أي أمة لن تضل بعد نبيها, كلا زعمتم أن ليس لي عليهم سلطان ولا سبيل, فكيف رأيتموني صنعت بهم حين‏ تركوا ما أمرهم الله به من طاعته‏, وأمرهم به رسول الله. وذلك قوله تعالى‏ {ولقد صدق عليهم إبليس ظنه فاتبعوه إلا فريقا من المؤمنين}‏. [115]

Salman reported from Amir al-Mu'minin (pbuh) in a long hadith: "The Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) informed me that Iblis and the leaders of his companions witnessed my appointment by the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) on the day of Ghadir Khumm by Allah's command. He informed them that I am more entitled to them than they are to themselves and commanded them to convey the message to the absent. So Iblis approached his followers and the rebellious ones among his companions, and they said: 'This nation is a mercied and immunized nation; you have no way over them. They have been informed of their refuge and their Imam after their Prophet.' Iblis then left, dejected and sorrowful. Amir al-Mu'minin (pbuh) continued: 'The Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) informed me after that and said: The people will pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr in the shade of Bani Sa'ida after they dispute over our right and our argument. Then they will come to the mosque, and the first to pledge allegiance to him on my pulpit will be Iblis in the form of an old man, saying such and such. Then he will leave and gather his companions, his devils, and his rebellious ones, and they will prostrate and say: 'O our master, our great one, you are the one who expelled Adam from Paradise.' He will say: 'What a nation that will not go astray after their Prophet; indeed, you claimed that I had no power over them, but how did you see what I did to them when they abandoned what Allah commanded them to obey and what the Messenger of Allah commanded them to do?' This is the meaning of Allah's saying: {And Iblis found his assumption about them to be true, so they followed him, except for a group of believers} [116]

عن جابر, عن أبي جعفر × قال: لما أخذ رسول الله | بيد علي × يوم الغدير, صرخ إبليس في جنوده صرخة فلم يبق منهم أحد في بر ولا بحر إلا أتاه, فقالوا: يا سيدهم ومولاهم,  ما ذا دهاك؟ فما سمعنا لك صرخة أوحش من صرختك هذه, فقال لهم: فعل هذا النبي فعلا إن تم لم يعص الله أبدا, فقالوا: يا سيدهم, أنت كنت لآدم. فلما قال المنافقون: إنه ينطق عن الهوى, وقال أحدهما لصاحبه: أما ترى عينيه تدوران في رأسه كأنه مجنون - يعنون رسول الله | - صرخ إبليس صرخة بطرب, فجمع أولياءه فقال: أما علمتم أني كنت لآدم من قبل؟ قالوا: نعم, قال: آدم نقض العهد ولم يكفر بالرب, وهؤلاء نقضوا العهد وكفروا بالرسول. فلما قبض رسول الله | وأقام الناس غير علي × لبس إبليس تاج الملك ونصب منبرا وقعد في الوثبة وجمع خيله ورجله ثم قال لهم: اطربوا, لا يطاع الله حتى يقوم الإمام. وتلا أبو جعفر ×: {ولقد صدق عليهم إبليس ظنه فاتبعوه إلا فريقا من المؤمنين}, قال أبو جعفر ×: كان تأويل هذه الآية لما قبض رسول الله |, والظن من إبليس حين قالوا لرسول الله |: إنه ينطق عن الهوى, فظن بهم إبليس ظنا فصدقوا ظنه. [117]

Jabir reported from Abu Ja'far (pbuh) who said: When the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) took Ali's (pbuh hand on the day of Ghadir, Iblis screamed among his soldiers, a scream that left none of them on land or sea without coming to him. They said, "O our master and leader, what has happened to you? We have not heard a scream more terrible than this one." He said to them, "This prophet has done an act that, if completed, will ensure that God is never disobeyed." They said, "O our master, you were there for Adam." Then when the hypocrites said, "He speaks from desire," and one of them said to his companion, "Do you not see his eyes rolling in his head as if he were mad?"—referring to the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp)—Iblis screamed with joy, gathered his followers, and said, "Did you not know that I was there for Adam?" They said, "Yes." He said, "Adam broke the covenant but did not disbelieve in the Lord, whereas these have broken the covenant and disbelieved in the Messenger." When the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) passed away and the people chose someone other than Ali (pbuh), Iblis donned the crown of kingship, set up a throne, and gathered his horsemen and foot soldiers, then said to them, "Celebrate, for God will not be obeyed until the Imam rises." Abu Ja'far (pbuh) recited: "{And Iblis had already confirmed through them his assumption, so they followed him, except for a group of believers}". Abu Ja'far (pbuh) said: The interpretation of this verse came when the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) passed away. Iblis' assumption was when they said of the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp), "He speaks from desire," and they fulfilled Iblis' assumption by disobeying the Prophet's command. [118]

عن ابن سنان, عن أبي عبد الله × قال: لما أمر الله نبيه | أن ينصب أمير المؤمنين × للناس في قوله {يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك} في علي بغدير خم, فقال |: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه, فجاءت الأبالسة إلى إبليس الأكبر وحثوا التراب على رءوسهم, فقال لهم إبليس: ما لكم؟ فقالوا: إن هذا الرجل قد عقد اليوم عقدة لا يحلها شي‏ء إلى يوم القيامة، فقال لهم إبليس: كلا إن الذين حوله قد وعدوني فيه عدة لن يخلفوني، فأنزل الله على رسوله | {ولقد صدق عليهم إبليس ظنه‏} الآية. [119]

Abu Abdullah Imam Ja’far Al-Sadiq (Pbuh) narrated: When Allah commanded His Prophet (Pbuhp) to appoint Ali (Pbuh) as the leader of the people in the verse {O Messenger, proclaim that which has been revealed to you from your Lord. If you do not, then you have not conveyed His message,} during the event of Ghadir Khumm, the Prophet (Pbuhp) said, "Whoever I am his master, then Ali is his master." The whisperers went to the great Iblis and poured dirt on their heads. Iblis asked them, "What is the matter with you?" They replied, "Indeed, this man has made a covenant today that cannot be invalidated until the Day of Judgment." Iblis said to them, "No, those who are around him have given me a promise that they will not abandon me." Then Allah revealed the verse upon His Messenger, {And indeed, Iblis had already confirmed his assumption of them}. [120]

عن جعفر بن محمد الخزاعي, عن أبيه قال: سمعت أبا عبد الله × يذكر في حديث غدير خم أنه لما قال النبي | لعلي × ما قال، وأقامه للناس صرخ إبليس صرخة فاجتمعت له العفاريت، فقالوا: يا سيدنا ما هذه الصرخة؟ فقال: ويلكم يومكم كيوم عيسى، والله لأضلن فيه الخلق, قال: فنزل القرآن {ولقد صدق عليهم إبليس ظنه فاتبعوه إلا فريقا من المؤمنين} فقال: صرخ إبليس صرخة فرجعت إليه العفاريت فقالوا: يا سيدنا ما هذه الصرخة الأخرى؟ فقال: ويحكم حكى الله والله كلامي قرآنا وأنزل عليه {ولقد صدق عليهم إبليس ظنه فاتبعوه إلا فريقا من المؤمنين} ثم رفع رأسه إلى السماء ثم قال: وعزتك وجلالك لألحقن الفريق بالجميع، قال: فقال النبي | بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم {إن عبادي ليس لك عليهم سلطان} قال: صرخ إبليس صرخة، فرجعت إليه العفاريت فقالوا: يا سيدنا ما هذه الصرخة الثالثة؟ قال: والله من أصحاب علي, ولكن وعزتك وجلالك يا رب لأزينن لهم المعاصي حتى أبغضهم إليك. قال فقال أبو عبد الله ×: والذي بعث بالحق محمدا | للعفاريت والأبالسة على المؤمن أكثر من الزنابير على اللحم, والمؤمن أشد من الجبل, والجبل تدنو إليه بالفأس فتنحت منه والمؤمن لا يستقل عن دينه. [121]

Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Khuza'i, from his father, said: I heard Abu Abdullah (pbuh) mention in the Hadith of Ghadir Khumm that when the Prophet (pbuhp) said what he said to Ali (pbuh) and appointed him for the people, Iblis screamed a scream that gathered all the demons to him. They said, "O our master, what is this scream?" He said, "Woe to you! Today is like the day of Jesus. By Allah, I will mislead the people on this day." Then the Qur'an was revealed: {And Iblis had already confirmed through them his assumption, so they followed him, except for a group of believers}. Iblis screamed again and the demons returned to him, saying, "O our master, what is this other scream?" He said, "Woe to you! Allah has narrated my words as Qur'an and revealed: {And Iblis had already confirmed through them his assumption, so they followed him, except for a group of believers}." He then raised his head to the sky and said, "By Your might and majesty, I will unite the group with the multitude." The Prophet (pbuhp) said, "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful: {Indeed, My servants - no authority will you have over them}." Iblis screamed a third time and the demons returned to him, saying, "O our master, what is this third scream?" He said, "By Allah, it is because of the followers of Ali. But by Your might and majesty, O Lord, I will adorn sins for them until they become abhorrent to You." Abu Abdullah (pbuh) said, "By the One who sent Muhammad (pbuhp) with the truth, there are more demons and devils around a believer than there are flies around meat, yet the believer is firmer than a mountain. A mountain can be chipped away with a pickaxe, but a believer does not waver from his religion." [122]

* آيات أخر  Other Verses-

عن أبي عبد الله × في قوله: {وإنه لتنزيل رب العالمين نزل به الروح الأمين على قلبك لتكون من المنذرين} قال: الولاية نزلت لأمير المؤمنين × يوم الغدير. [123]

Abi Abdullah (pbuh) on the verse: {And indeed, it is a revelation of the Lord of the worlds. The Trustworthy Spirit has brought it down upon your heart that you may be of the warners}, said: The Wilayah (authority and guardianship) was revealed for Amir al-Mu'minin (pbuh) on the Day of Ghadir. [124]

عن أبي محمد قال: قلت لأبي جعفر ×: أخبرني عن الولاية, أنزل بها جبرئيل × من عند رب العالمين يوم الغدير؟ فقال: {نزل به الروح الأمين على قلبك لتكون من المنذرين بلسان عربي مبين وإنه لفي زبر الأولين}‏ قال: هي الولاية لأمير المؤمنين ×. [125]

Abi Muhammad said: I asked Abi Ja'far (pbuh): "Tell me about the Wilayah (authority and guardianship), did Gabriel (pbuh) bring it down from the Lord of the worlds on the Day of Ghadir?" He replied: {The Trustworthy Spirit has brought it down upon your heart that you may be of the warners, in a clear Arabic language, and indeed, it is mentioned in the scriptures of the former peoples}. He said: "It is the Wilayah for Amir al-Mu'minin (pbuh)." [126]

عن يعقوب بن يزيد, عن أبي عبد الله × قال: سألته عن قول الله عز وجل‏ {قل إنما أعظكم بواحدة أن تقوموا لله مثنى وفرادى},‏ قال ×: بالولاية, قلت: وكيف ذاك؟ قال: إنه لما نصب النبي | أمير المؤمنين × للناس فقال: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه, اغتابه رجل وقال: إن محمدا ليدعو كل يوم إلى أمر جديد, وقد بدا لأهل بيته يملكهم رقابنا, فأنزل الله عز وجل على نبيه | بذلك قرآنا فقال له:‏ {قل‏ إنما أعظكم بواحدة} فقد أديت إليكم ما افترض ربكم عليكم, قلت: فما معنى قوله عز وجل‏ {أن تقوموا لله مثنى وفرادى‏}؟ فقال ×: أما {مثنى}‏ يعني طاعة رسول الله | وطاعة أمير المؤمنين ×, وأما {فرادى}‏ يعني طاعة الإمام من ذريتهما من بعدهما, ولا والله يا يعقوب ما عنى غير ذلك. [127]

Ya'qub ibn Yazid reported that he asked Abu Abdullah (pbuh) about the words of Allah the Almighty {Say, I only exhort you to one thing, that you rise up for Allah's sake in pairs or singly}. He (pbuh) said: It means the Wilayah. I asked: How so? He replied: When the Prophet (pbuhp) appointed Amir al-Mu'minin (pbuh) for the people and said, "Whoever's master I am, Ali is his master," a man backbit him and said, "Indeed, Muhammad calls us every day to a new matter, and now it has become clear to his family that they will rule over our necks." Thus Allah the Almighty revealed Qur'an about this to His Prophet (pbuhp) saying: {Say, I only exhort you to one thing}—I have conveyed to you what your Lord has enjoined upon you. I asked: What is the meaning of His words {that you rise up for Allah's sake in pairs or singly}? He (pbuh) said: As for "pairs," it means the obedience of the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) and the obedience of Amir al-Mu'minin (pbuh). As for "singly," it means the obedience of the Imam from their progeny after them. By Allah, O Ya'qub, it means nothing other than this. [128]

عن جابر, عن أبي جعفر محمد بن علي ×, عن جابر بن عبد الله قال: لما نصب رسول الله | عليا × يوم غدير خم قال قوم: ما يألو برفع ضبع ابن عمه, فأنزل الله تعالى {أم حسب الذين في قلوبهم مرض أن لن يخرج الله أضغانهم‏}. [129]

Jabir reported from Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali (pbuh), from Jabir ibn Abdullah who said: When the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) appointed Ali (pbuh) on the day of Ghadir Khumm, some people said, "He only does this to elevate the rank of his cousin." Thus, Allah the Almighty revealed: {Or do those in whose hearts is a disease think that Allah will not bring to light their [ill] will?} [130]

علي بن سعيد قال: كنت عند أبي جعفر محمد بن علي بن الحسين ×، وعنده قوم من أهل الكوفة، فسألوه عن قول الله تعالى: {ولقد أوحي إليك وإلى الذين من قبلك لئن أشركت ليحبطن عملك، ولتكونن من الخاسرين}, فقال: لما قام رسول الله | بولاية علي × بغدير خم، قام إليه معاذ بن جبل فقال: يا رسول الله, لو أشركت معه أبا بكر وعمر حتى يسكن الناس لكان في ذلك ما يصلح أمرهم، فسكت رسول الله | فأنزل الله تعالى: {ولقد أوحي‏ إليك وإلى الذين من قبلك} الآية, ففي هذا نزلت، ولم يكن الله تعالى ليبعث رسولا يخاف عليه أن يشرك به، ورسول الله | أكرم على الله عز وجل من أن يقول له: لئن أشركت بي، وهو جاء بإبطال الشرك ورفض الأصنام وما عبد مع الله عز وجل غيره، وإنما عنى: الشركة بين الرجال في الولاية، ولم يكن ذلك تقدم لأحد قبله من النبيين. [131]

Ali ibn Sa'id said: I was with Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn (pbut), and there were people from Kufa with him. They asked him about the saying of Allah the Exalted: {And it was already revealed to you and to those before you that if you should associate (polytheism), your work would surely become worthless, and you would surely be among the losers}. He replied: When the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) established the Wilaya (guardianship) of Ali (pbuh) at Ghadir Khumm, Mu'adh ibn Jabal stood up and said: O Messenger of Allah, if you were to associate Abu Bakr and Umar with him, it would ease the people's hearts and bring stability to their affairs. The Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) remained silent, and then Allah the Exalted revealed: {And it was already revealed to you and to those before you}. This was revealed regarding this matter. Allah the Exalted would not send a messenger who feared he might associate others with Him, and the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) was too honored by Allah to be told: "if you should associate [anything] with Allah," as he came to abolish shirk (polytheism) and reject idols and what was worshipped besides Allah the Exalted. Rather, what was meant was the association of others with him in the Wilaya (guardianship), and this had not occurred for any of the prophets before him. [132]

عن أبي عبد الله × قال: لما أوقف رسول الله | أمير المؤمنين × يوم الغدير افترق الناس ثلاث فرق: فقالت فرقة: ضل محمد, وفرقة قالت: غوى, وفرقة قالت: بهواه يقول في أهل بيته وابن عمه, فأنزل الله سبحانه {والنجم إذا هوى ما ضل صاحبكم وما غوى وما ينطق عن الهوى إن هو إلا وحي يوحى}. [133]

Abu 'Abd Allah (pbuh) said: When the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) appointed Amir al-Mu'minin (pbuh) on the day of Ghadir, the people split into three groups. One group said: Muhammad has gone astray. Another group said: He is deluded. And the third group said: He speaks from his own desires about his family and cousin. Then Allah the Almighty revealed: {By the star when it descends, your companion has not strayed, nor has he erred, nor does he speak from [his own] inclination. It is not but a revelation revealed} [134]