al-ghuluww: extremism in religion is a term used specifically to denote people who raise the Imams or the Prophet (AS) above their statuses designated by Allah, raising them to the level of lordship or divinity. Such people were severely rebuked and condemned by the Prophet and the Imams themselves
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1ـ رسولُ اللهِِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): لا تَرفَعُونِي فَوقَ حَقِّي ؛ فإنّ اللّهَ تعالى اتَّخَذَني عَبداً قبلَ أن يَتَّخِذَني نَبِيّاً. |
| 1– The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘Do not elevate me above my rightful position, for verily Allah has made me a servant before He made me a prophet.’[Nawadir al-Rawandi, p. 16] |
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2ـ رسولُ اللهِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): صِنفانِ لا تَنالُهُما شَفاعَتي: سُلطانٌ غَشومٌ عَسُوفٌ، وغالٍ فِي الدِّينِ مارِقٌ مِنهُ غيرُ تائبٍ ولانازعٍ. |
| 2– The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘Two types of people will not be included in my intercession: the tyrannical and iniquitous ruler, and the heretical extremist in matters of religion, who has digressed from it and who is neither repentant nor willing to give up [his heresy].’[Qurb al-Isnad, p. 64, no. 204] |
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3ـ رسولُ اللهِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ) ـ لعليّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ) ـ : ياعليُّ، مَثَلُكَ في هذهِ الاُمَّةِ كَمَثَلِ عيسَى بنِ مَريمَ ؛ أحَبَّهُ قَومٌ فَأفرَطوا فيهِ، وأبغَضَهُ قَومٌ فَأفرَطوا فيهِ، قالَ: فَنَزَلَ الوَحيُ: «ولَمّا ضُرِبَ ابنُ مَريمَ مَثَلاً إذا قَومُكَ مِنهُ يَصِدُّونَ». |
| 3– The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘O Ali, your example in this community is as the example of Jesus son of Mary – one group of people loved him and exceeded the bounds in their love for him, and one group of people hated him and exceeded the bounds in their hatred. The following verse was therefore revealed: “When the son of Mary was cited as an example, behold, your people raise an outcry”[ Qur’an 43:57].[ Bihar al-Anwar, v. 25, p. 284, no. 34] |
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4ـ الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): هَلَكَ فِيَّ رَجُلانِ: مُحِبٌّ غالٍ، ومُبغِضٌ قالٍ . |
| 4– Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Two types of people will perish in my name: the one who is an extremist in his love for me, and the one who loathes me with a vengeance.’[Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 469] |
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5ـ الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): اللّهُمّ إنّي بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الغُلاةِ كَبَراءَةِ عيسَى بنِ مَريمَ مِنَ النَّصارى، اللّهُمّ اخذُلْهُم أبَداً، ولاتَنصُرْ مِنهُم أحَداً. |
| 5– Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘O Allah, verily I disclaim association with the extremists as Jesus son of Mary’s disassociation with the Christians. O Allah degrade them forever, and do not ever help any of them.’[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 25, p. 284, no. 32] |
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6ـ الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): إيّاكُم والغُلُوَّ فِينا، قُولُوا إنّا عَبِيدٌ مَربُوبُونَ، وقُولوا في فَضلِنا ما شِئتُم. |
| 6– Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Beware of going to extremes with respect to us. Instead take us as servants that have been endeared [by Allah], and say whatever you wish about our virtues.’[al-Khisal, p. 614, no. 10] |
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7ـ قالَ الصّادقُ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): اِحذَرُوا على شَبابِكُمُ الغُلاةَ لايُفسِدُونَهُم ؛ فإنَّ الغُلاةَ شَرُّ خَلقِ اللّهِ، يُصَغِّرُونَ عَظَمَةَ اللّهِ، ويَدَّعُونَ الرُّبوبِيَّةَ لِعِبادِ اللّهِ، واللّهِ إنَّ الغُلاةَ شَرٌّ مِن اليَهودِ والنَّصارى والمَجوسِ والذينَ أشرَكُوا، ثُمّ قالَ: إلَينا يَرجِعُ الغالي فلا نَقبَلُهُ، وبنا يَلحَقُ المُقَصِّرُ فَنَقبَلُهُ، فقيلَ لَهُ: كيفَ ذلكَ يا بنَ رسولِ اللّهِ ؟ قالَ: لأنَّ الغالِيَ قدِ اعتادَ تَركَ الصَّلاةِ والزكاةِ والصيامِ والحَجِّ فلا يَقدِرُ على تَركِ عادَتِهِ وعلَى الرُّجوعِ إلى طاعَةِ اللّهِ عَزَّوجلَّ أبَداً، وإنّ المُقَصِّرَ إذا عَرَفَ عَمِلَ وأطاعَ. |
| 7– Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, ‘Be on your guard that the extremists do not corrupt your youth, for verily the extremists are the most evil of Allah’s creation for they belittle the Greatness of Allah, and falsely attribute divinity to the servants of Allah. By Allah, verily the extremists are worse than the Jews, the Christians, the Magians, and the polytheists. The extremist may return to us but we do not accept him again, whereas we do accept the negligent one when he tries to adhere to us. At this, he was asked, ‘How can that be O son of the Prophet (SAWA)?’ to which he replied, ‘Because the extremist has become accustomed to abandoning the prayer, the alms-tax, fasting, the pilgrimage, and cannot give up his habit and return to Allah’s obedience ever again, whereas the negligent one, when he attains inner knowledge, begins to act and carry out acts of obedience.’[Amali al-Tusi, p. 650, no. 1349] |
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8ـ أبو بصيرٍ: قلتُ لأبي عبدِاللّهِ علَيهِ الصَّلاةُ والسلامُ: إنّهم يقولونَ ! قالَ: وما يَقولونَ ؟ قلتُ: يقولونَ: يَعلَمُ قَطْرَ المَطَرِ، وعَدَدَ النُّجومِ ووَرَقَ الشَّجَرِ، ووَزنَ ما في البَحرِ، وعَددَ التُّرابِ، فَرَفَعَ يَدَهُ إلَى السماءِ وقالَ: سبحانَ اللّهِ سبحانَ اللّهِ، لا واللّهِ ما يَعلمُ هذا إلّا اللّهُ . |
| 8– Abu Basir narrated, ‘I told Abu `Aabdillah [i.e. Imam al-Sadiq (AS)]: ‘Verily they are saying things [about you]!’ He asked, ‘What are they saying?’ to which I replied, ‘[They are saying], ‘He knows the number of drops of rain, the number of stars and the leaves on the trees, and the weight of all that is in the sea, and the number of grains of sand.’ So he raised his hands to the sky, saying, ‘Glory be to Allah, Glory be to Allah. No, by Allah, no one knows this except Allah.’[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 25, p. 294, no. 52] |
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9ـ الإمامُ الرِّضا (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): الغُلاةُ كُفّارٌ، والمُفَوِّضَةُ مُشرِكونَ ... . |
| 9– Imam al-Rida (AS) said, ‘The extremists are disbelievers and the mufawwiza 94 are polytheists …’[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 25, p. 273, no. 19] |
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10ـ الإمامُ الرِّضا (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): مَن تَجاوَزَ بأميرِ المؤمنينَ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ) العُبوديَّةَ فهُو مِن المَغضوبِ علَيهِم ومِنَ الضالِّينَ . |
| 10– Imam al-Rida (AS) said, ‘Whoever exceeds the bounds [of their love] for the Commander of the Faithful Ali (AS) into worship [of him] is indeed among those who incur Allah’s wrath and are astray.’[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 25, p. 274, no. 20] |
